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good morning welcome to the jet

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propulsion laboratory i'm cynthia zufada

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the associate chief scientist

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we are thrilled by the presence of so

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many

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college students with us today

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to celebrate women history month

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across the nasa family events are taking

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place to recognize the key role women

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are playing in the success of our nation

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space program

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in all over the world

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women day international women day is

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being celebrated

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today you will hear from women leaders

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in science and engineering who want to

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share a bit of their stories and also

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want to hear from you

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and now to tell you about who we are

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let me invite the director of the

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laboratory dr charles celachi to the

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thank you cynthia and i want to welcome

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all of you to jpl on this great event to

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talk about

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history of women in science i need to

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tell you from the beginning i'm biased

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matter of fact i'm very biased on this

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topic because i have two daughters

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i think they are the smartest human

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being in the world even i sometimes i

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see them walking on water so so i'm a

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little bit biased on this topic

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matter of fact

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i know they are smarter even than their

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dad i want to tell you a little anecdote

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about four or five years ago when our

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younger daughter was in college uh you

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know we bought one of this very

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sophisticated tv dvd cd you know

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electronic and she was at home so of

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course i opened the manual trying to

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figure out how to put it together she

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didn't even look at the manual she

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helped me she put it all together and

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then she went back

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back to college and the following day i

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was trying to turn on

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uh and and watch something and i

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couldn't figure it out you know i looked

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at the

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guide i couldn't figure out so i said so

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i picked the phone and called lauren and

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said lauren how do you do this

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and there was this few second silence

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and she and she said and that and you

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run jpl

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so that's one her nice way of saying

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she's smarter than me on doing that

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now no question we have come a long long

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way in the role of women in in science i

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remember when i was a student at caltech

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that was the first year that women were

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accepted at caltech

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today the freshman class is 44 percent

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you know are women you know at caltech

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when in the early days of jpl in the 60s

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uh even that there were women their

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technical role was very limited uh the

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main thing uh technical work that the

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women were doing was we were relying on

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them to do calculation of trajectories i

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guess they were more they were more

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conscientious about doing proper

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calculation you know than the rest of

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the lab well today 30 percent of our

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technical staff you know our women here

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at jpl

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uh if we can show the slide that show

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you just a montage of some of them uh

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that are here uh i'm always nervous to

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show these montages because people will

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tell me what what is my picture you know

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in that one

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uh on the executive council when i

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joined the executive council about 15

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years ago there were no women on the

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executive council or no deputies

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today we have five women including a

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woman who has all our technical

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divisions at 70 percent of the labs

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where all the engineers and scientists

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are in the organization headed by leslie

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livesay and

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we have also a woman heading our earth

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science activity which is one of the

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largest you know activity here at jpl

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and interesting enough also we have

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today a couple of the speaker also in

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those days we didn't have many women or

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matter of fact i'm not sure there were

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any women who were principal

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investigators you know on missions that

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mean for the people who are not in our

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field principal investigator is a person

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who's really in charge of a mission so

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they run that mission scientifically and

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oversee all the technical implementation

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well in the last year

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we launched two pi mission and we're

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launching one coming up literally

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hopefully this month out of those three

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two of them you know are women principal

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investigator and you'll be hearing from

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them even that they are one of them

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maria's uber is from mit and fiona

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harrison from caltech to pretty good

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schools you know that we have but we

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consider them as honorary members you

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know of jpl you know they worked with us

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for a number of years you know to make

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this mission a success

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so as you can see

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uh women have come a long way there is

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still way to go but women have come a

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long way and i think it's very important

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that all of us we reach to the young

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girls in schools

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and tell them that being in science and

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engineering is not only fun

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but also you can build a great career in

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doing that and you can make an impact

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you know in in the whole field at least

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in exploration and space science but

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also across you know across the field so

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today you are going to be hearing

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stories of challenges and accomplishment

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that women have accomplished here at jpl

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and have experienced you know here at

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jpl and the kind of things that they are

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working on today

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and we look forward at least i look

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forward and i know many people look

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forward uh you know uh for the impact

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and the accomplishment and uh and the

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advancement that women will do in an

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organization like jpl and hopefully few

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years from now not too far in the future

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when you come here and you are being

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welcomed by the jpl director it will be

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a woman who will be a director of jpl

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thank you very much and i look forward

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so and now

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as

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we are getting ready for our first panel

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of the speakers

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uh let me say a few more things about

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participation here we have over 200

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students from

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many many

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local area schools

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universities colleges who

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have been invited to be here and we want

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to bring you into our family here at jpl

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and hopefully make this a

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a good experience for you a way of

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sharing what we do

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a way of

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making

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so for our first panel we have assembled

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a truly unique group of distinguished

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women as charles has alluded to

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who have achieved

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leadership positions in space missions

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pat morrison a journalist with the los

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angeles times

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in the southern california public radio

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has generously lent her time to be here

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with us today

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to engage them in a conversation

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about what they do

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we're going to be hearing from each of

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our panelists i'll be asking them some

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questions and and then taking some

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questions of course from you in the

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audience so be thinking of good ones as

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i'm sure you will these ladies have done

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the vital work of uh of space work um me

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i've covered a few space shuttles from a

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distance

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extent of it i was watching a public

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access channel today which is to tell

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you how basic my basic cable is and

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there was a high school science quiz

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competition for los angeles and it was

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the finals and there were two teams

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four members each and not a one of those

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eight was female

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now if you step up to post k through 12

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education more than half of the students

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enrolled at many colleges and

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universities are women but in the

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sciences enrollment is a fraction of

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that and in academic positions you find

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even fewer my friend francis arnold is

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doing stupendous things at cal tech of

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course sandra singh lowe is doing great

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science on the radio my sister-in-law

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teaches physics my niece went to mit i

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left a couple of seconds there for all

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the caltech people to boo if they wanted

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to

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but see i'm running out of women before

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i'm running out of fingers and that's a

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bit of a problem in our society

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women make up half the workforce overall

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but in science technology and

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engineering they're barely 25 percent

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why is that the case

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is it scientific illiteracy we certainly

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have that neil degrasse tyson was

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telling me the other day that about one

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in five americans still believes that

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the sun revolves around the earth

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is it cultural pressure some of you

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won't remember this because you weren't

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even born then but 20 years ago

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teen talk barbie doll said things like

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party dresses are fun and math class is

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tough

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well there was an outcry from women's

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groups and mattel recalled the math

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challenge barbie but that sensibility is

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still out there

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if you were to ask the average american

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to name one woman scientist he would

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probably name marie curie if you ask the

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average american to name two women

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scientists he would probably be stumped

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he might name the amy character on the

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big bang theory

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or he might know roslyn franklin who was

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the woman who died before she could be

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considered for her work on the structure

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of dna for a nobel prize it could have

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carolyn herschel who was half of the

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brother and sister astronomer team now i

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have a couple of favorites you'll find

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out why in a second nancy johnson of

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philadelphia about 150 years ago she got

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and a young british food chemist named

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margaret roberts was in on the creation

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of the soft serve ice cream you may know

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her better by the name in her other

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career margaret thatcher

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as for women in space well some people

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would say the first one was alice

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kramden on the tv show the honeymooners

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because her bus driver husband kept

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threatening to soccer and send her to

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the moon alice

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but

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there have been still so few women in

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space that if i were asked the question

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on jeopardy of course that isn't a

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question they'd say

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first woman in space i'd say alex who is

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valentina taraskova

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one of those pieces of information that

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you keep in your head because there are

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so few

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but women in space science are what

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we're hearing about today these women up

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here have overcome myriad obstacles to

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make it to the top of their disciplines

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and how they did it you're going to hear

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from them

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the first is margaret kibbleson phd in

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theoretical physics in the 1950s

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professor of space science space physics

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at ucla team leader on two pioneer

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missions for jupiter the rest she's

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going to tell you herself

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so today i'm talking about working in a

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man's world because that's where i

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started at a time when space science

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didn't exist so i did not do my phd in

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space physics but that's a nice thing

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about physics is that once you learn it

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you can use it for space or ice cream

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makers

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so next

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anyhow my first message is that if you

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get yourself in an environment where

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it's mostly men pretend not to notice

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next but today

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the point is to notice so we're going to

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start with that

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next

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00:11:54,790 --> 00:11:52,240
so when i started

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in physics at harvard

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it was immediately after world war ii

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and physics was quite glamorous i think

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perhaps

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it was the most glamorous state that it

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00:12:07,430 --> 00:12:06,240
had held in my lifetime

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uh

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and i decided i want to be a physicist i

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started in my freshman year in a class

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with 10

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women and 400 men

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i then went on for phd

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and roughly one woman in every class of

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about 60 phd graduate students

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was a woman

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of the roughly

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one a year who was admitted roughly one

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got a phd every other year and there was

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always somebody who was dropping out

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before they completed their degree

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so

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next

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the the image you see was the

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celebration of the 60th birthday of my

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00:12:58,150 --> 00:12:55,680
advisor julian schwinger who was a nobel

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laureate and you notice the

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significant lack of women if if it

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hadn't been for me there would have been

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none

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00:13:06,470 --> 00:13:05,279
next

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00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:06,480
so

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what you can see is in this beginning of

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my career it went from 1 in 40

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00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:15,680
undergraduates 1 in 60 graduate students

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00:13:20,470 --> 00:13:17,440
120

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00:13:23,990 --> 00:13:20,480
phds definitely an example of the

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narrowing pipeline and pat has mentioned

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00:13:26,710 --> 00:13:25,519
that next

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so

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plots to show you

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the changes in the number of women and

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00:13:37,430 --> 00:13:36,079
the

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00:13:39,670 --> 00:13:37,440
red curve

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is engineering the blue curve near the

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bottom is physics and what you can see

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00:13:49,269 --> 00:13:45,120
is that between 1950

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00:13:51,990 --> 00:13:49,279
and 200 1998 there was a slow increase

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00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:52,000
up to about 20 percent of bachelor's

348
00:13:56,310 --> 00:13:53,519
degrees i'm just talking about

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bachelor's degrees uh i want to call

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next call your attention though to the

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up the second red curve which is the

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number of women getting bachelor's

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degrees in computer sciences and

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00:14:13,590 --> 00:14:11,199
puzzlingly it increased very rapidly in

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00:14:15,829 --> 00:14:13,600
the beginning of this period and then it

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00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:15,839
began to decrease and it wasn't clear

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00:14:19,150 --> 00:14:17,440
what was happening

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00:14:22,150 --> 00:14:19,160
you can see i was trying to make an

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00:14:25,590 --> 00:14:22,160
extrapolation to 2003

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00:14:26,389 --> 00:14:25,600
with the physics line there next

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00:14:29,110 --> 00:14:26,399
uh

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00:14:31,030 --> 00:14:29,120
i finally found some the next decade

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00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:31,040
although there's a gap of a couple of

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00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:34,720
years and what you can see is that the

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00:14:38,629 --> 00:14:37,360
computer sciences that's the dashed red

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00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:38,639
curve

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00:14:44,710 --> 00:14:41,360
flattened and continued down

368
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:44,720
so it is not always next it is not

369
00:14:50,389 --> 00:14:47,199
always the case that things keep going

370
00:14:52,629 --> 00:14:50,399
up they can go up and they can go down

371
00:14:54,550 --> 00:14:52,639
uh the they didn't

372
00:14:57,269 --> 00:14:54,560
record physics separately but

373
00:14:59,990 --> 00:14:57,279
engineering was recorded separately in

374
00:15:02,230 --> 00:15:00,000
this and what you can see

375
00:15:04,470 --> 00:15:02,240
the flat line near the bottom

376
00:15:08,550 --> 00:15:04,480
is that engineering has remained fairly

377
00:15:11,750 --> 00:15:10,389
for bachelor's degree

378
00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:11,760
candidates

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00:15:15,269 --> 00:15:13,760
next

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00:15:17,590 --> 00:15:15,279
so i've

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00:15:20,870 --> 00:15:17,600
gone through my

382
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:20,880
albums and looked for

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00:15:26,470 --> 00:15:23,760
women at in

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00:15:30,310 --> 00:15:26,480
photographs i have of workshops and

385
00:15:31,350 --> 00:15:30,320
meetings and at the top you can see on

386
00:15:33,110 --> 00:15:31,360
the

387
00:15:35,590 --> 00:15:33,120
left you can see

388
00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:35,600
me with the galileo

389
00:15:40,710 --> 00:15:38,000
magnetometer team

390
00:15:42,629 --> 00:15:40,720
after one meeting and i think we have

391
00:15:45,110 --> 00:15:42,639
two women there

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00:15:46,949 --> 00:15:45,120
then there's to the right of that is a

393
00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:46,959
turbulence workshop

394
00:15:51,509 --> 00:15:48,560
and again

395
00:15:55,269 --> 00:15:51,519
absence of women at the bottom

396
00:15:58,230 --> 00:15:55,279
is a group photograph of some of my

397
00:15:59,590 --> 00:15:58,240
students who came for a celebration

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00:16:02,150 --> 00:15:59,600
and

399
00:16:05,189 --> 00:16:02,160
there is one woman among them now that

400
00:16:06,949 --> 00:16:05,199
was about a decade ago and

401
00:16:08,949 --> 00:16:06,959
happily now

402
00:16:11,189 --> 00:16:08,959
i have quite a few women graduate

403
00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:11,199
students so i'm very pleased with the

404
00:16:14,870 --> 00:16:12,480
change

405
00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:14,880
next

406
00:16:19,910 --> 00:16:17,920
i looked for photographs of award

407
00:16:21,110 --> 00:16:19,920
ceremonies

408
00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:21,120
one

409
00:16:29,910 --> 00:16:29,120
a lot of tuxedoed men up on the platform

410
00:16:33,269 --> 00:16:29,920
it's

411
00:16:36,430 --> 00:16:33,279
still a long long way to go before we

412
00:16:38,550 --> 00:16:36,440
will find women being honored

413
00:16:43,110 --> 00:16:38,560
proportionately to their

414
00:16:46,870 --> 00:16:43,120
representation even in the

415
00:16:53,430 --> 00:16:50,470
at ucla we've been making a very serious

416
00:16:55,670 --> 00:16:53,440
effort to recruit women and we've done a

417
00:16:58,150 --> 00:16:55,680
very good job of recruiting and we often

418
00:17:00,550 --> 00:16:58,160
lose them very quickly thereafter we're

419
00:17:05,110 --> 00:17:00,560
good at identifying people who are going

420
00:17:08,069 --> 00:17:06,789
next

421
00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:08,079
so

422
00:17:13,270 --> 00:17:11,280
to to end i wanted to show a few more

423
00:17:16,069 --> 00:17:13,280
pictures where you could see the

424
00:17:18,549 --> 00:17:16,079
progress in a little area of space

425
00:17:19,510 --> 00:17:18,559
physics these are group photographs

426
00:17:23,189 --> 00:17:19,520
taken

427
00:17:25,350 --> 00:17:23,199
at some of the roughly biennial meetings

428
00:17:27,750 --> 00:17:25,360
on magnetospheres of outer planets it's

429
00:17:30,310 --> 00:17:27,760
an international group so this is not

430
00:17:33,190 --> 00:17:30,320
just women in the u.s we're looking at

431
00:17:35,830 --> 00:17:33,200
but women from all over the world doing

432
00:17:37,270 --> 00:17:35,840
magnetospheres of the outer planets so

433
00:17:40,669 --> 00:17:37,280
next

434
00:17:44,870 --> 00:17:40,679
this is the first uh image i could find

435
00:17:48,549 --> 00:17:44,880
1977 in lindau germany i put a

436
00:17:52,630 --> 00:17:48,559
a red oval around every face that looked

437
00:17:57,590 --> 00:17:54,950
and it's not an accident that i'm in

438
00:18:00,150 --> 00:17:57,600
most of these photographs

439
00:18:02,470 --> 00:18:00,160
next please she's skewing the curve you

440
00:18:06,870 --> 00:18:02,480
know yeah i'm skewing the curve so

441
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:06,880
here's 1986 in iowa i had left already

442
00:18:12,230 --> 00:18:09,919
so you could add one more circle next

443
00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:12,240
88 back to one

444
00:18:18,870 --> 00:18:16,320
uh next one uh the meeting at ucla we

445
00:18:21,990 --> 00:18:18,880
begin to see a sprinkling of maybe it's

446
00:18:23,590 --> 00:18:22,000
because i was running that meeting

447
00:18:27,029 --> 00:18:23,600
next

448
00:18:31,470 --> 00:18:27,039
uh so 2005 this is in leicester and we

449
00:18:34,870 --> 00:18:31,480
see more of the ovals red ovals next

450
00:18:36,710 --> 00:18:34,880
2007 in san antonio texas we're seeing

451
00:18:39,110 --> 00:18:36,720
even more next

452
00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:39,120
2009

453
00:18:44,390 --> 00:18:41,440
that was in cologne germany and the next

454
00:18:45,510 --> 00:18:44,400
one is last summer at

455
00:18:48,390 --> 00:18:45,520
bu

456
00:18:50,950 --> 00:18:48,400
so let's go to the next i decided to

457
00:18:53,190 --> 00:18:50,960
plot the fraction

458
00:18:54,310 --> 00:18:53,200
or percentage of women

459
00:18:57,190 --> 00:18:54,320
next

460
00:18:59,590 --> 00:18:57,200
and it does look as if it's going up

461
00:19:02,230 --> 00:18:59,600
but remember that

462
00:19:03,430 --> 00:19:02,240
computer science next

463
00:19:07,110 --> 00:19:03,440
next

464
00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:07,120
maybe it's going down i don't know

465
00:19:15,110 --> 00:19:10,720
it's not obvious what's happening next

466
00:19:21,510 --> 00:19:17,350
well done

467
00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:23,029
next

468
00:19:29,110 --> 00:19:28,000
nowhere but maybe they'll get you

469
00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:29,120
somewhere

470
00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:30,240
next

471
00:19:34,789 --> 00:19:32,799
this is one of my favorites you never

472
00:19:36,830 --> 00:19:34,799
can tell who's going to be looking in

473
00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:36,840
the right

474
00:19:47,190 --> 00:19:39,520
place thank you

475
00:19:50,470 --> 00:19:48,470
you've gone from sitting in the

476
00:19:53,190 --> 00:19:50,480
classroom at radcliffe to teaching in

477
00:19:56,230 --> 00:19:53,200
the classroom at ucla what's changed in

478
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:56,240
the classroom has anything changed

479
00:19:59,590 --> 00:19:57,760
well i think there are a lot of things

480
00:20:01,750 --> 00:19:59,600
that have changed

481
00:20:06,230 --> 00:20:01,760
i think students are less polite than

482
00:20:10,549 --> 00:20:08,630
and there are more women there are more

483
00:20:12,710 --> 00:20:10,559
women

484
00:20:15,909 --> 00:20:12,720
in at ucla

485
00:20:18,310 --> 00:20:15,919
i in my department which is earth and

486
00:20:21,029 --> 00:20:18,320
space sciences

487
00:20:24,070 --> 00:20:21,039
a very large fraction of our students

488
00:20:26,070 --> 00:20:24,080
both male and female are from china and

489
00:20:29,029 --> 00:20:26,080
there we're bringing in a lot of

490
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:29,039
terrific chinese women i would love to

491
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:30,320
see more

492
00:20:34,950 --> 00:20:32,960
uh who uh women in my classroom have

493
00:20:37,909 --> 00:20:34,960
gone through the american education

494
00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:37,919
system i think there's a worry that we

495
00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:38,799
still

496
00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,480
don't

497
00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:42,960
attract women through whatever it is we

498
00:20:46,870 --> 00:20:44,880
do in education what is it that the

499
00:20:48,310 --> 00:20:46,880
women the american-born women who come

500
00:20:49,510 --> 00:20:48,320
into your class tell you about the

501
00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:49,520
education they've gotten the

502
00:20:53,590 --> 00:20:50,960
encouragement or the lack of it they've

503
00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:53,600
gotten i don't hear complaints i mean

504
00:20:57,590 --> 00:20:56,080
you know whatever it is that's going on

505
00:21:00,789 --> 00:20:57,600
is very subtle

506
00:21:03,669 --> 00:21:00,799
it's uh it's women are being

507
00:21:06,789 --> 00:21:03,679
are discouraged in ways that are very

508
00:21:08,470 --> 00:21:06,799
hard to to identify we had the president

509
00:21:10,310 --> 00:21:08,480
of harvard larry summers get himself in

510
00:21:13,909 --> 00:21:10,320
hot water by disparaging the abilities

511
00:21:15,990 --> 00:21:13,919
of women in science yeah and

512
00:21:19,909 --> 00:21:16,000
that was the lesson for larry summers

513
00:21:22,310 --> 00:21:19,919
but i'm not sure it was a lesson for me

514
00:21:24,390 --> 00:21:22,320
when you talk about that recruiting is

515
00:21:26,310 --> 00:21:24,400
good but retention is bad where are

516
00:21:28,149 --> 00:21:26,320
these women going the women who may come

517
00:21:31,029 --> 00:21:28,159
in with such enthusiasm

518
00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:31,039
the two things that uh two ways in which

519
00:21:36,789 --> 00:21:33,840
we lose women one is

520
00:21:38,870 --> 00:21:36,799
from uh they get offers from places that

521
00:21:39,830 --> 00:21:38,880
they find more attractive

522
00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:39,840
um

523
00:21:42,950 --> 00:21:40,880
and

524
00:21:46,070 --> 00:21:42,960
they're not many but there are a few

525
00:21:47,669 --> 00:21:46,080
places that can pull women away from

526
00:21:50,870 --> 00:21:47,679
ucla

527
00:21:53,669 --> 00:21:50,880
the ivy league colleges can

528
00:21:56,230 --> 00:21:53,679
berkeley stanford caltech

529
00:21:57,270 --> 00:21:56,240
and the other problem is the two career

530
00:22:00,149 --> 00:21:57,280
family

531
00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:00,159
and we lose quite a few we have lost

532
00:22:04,789 --> 00:22:02,480
quite a few women because they went

533
00:22:08,310 --> 00:22:04,799
somewhere where there were jobs for

534
00:22:10,549 --> 00:22:08,320
for the woman and her husband

535
00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:10,559
whose job consideration led that it was

536
00:22:14,870 --> 00:22:12,480
usually i mean

537
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:14,880
i can't they're the statistics are small

538
00:22:20,549 --> 00:22:17,679
numbers of small numbers so there was

539
00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:20,559
one case where a woman went to a lesser

540
00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:23,440
university because they would also hire

541
00:22:29,669 --> 00:22:26,880
her husband who whom we were unable to

542
00:22:31,990 --> 00:22:29,679
hire at ucla and there have been other

543
00:22:33,029 --> 00:22:32,000
cases where the woman has followed her

544
00:22:34,070 --> 00:22:33,039
husband

545
00:22:39,669 --> 00:22:34,080
and

546
00:22:41,190 --> 00:22:39,679
encourage the other university to give

547
00:22:43,270 --> 00:22:41,200
the woman a job

548
00:22:45,669 --> 00:22:43,280
it occurs to me that american schools

549
00:22:47,190 --> 00:22:45,679
can take mao zedong saying women hold up

550
00:22:49,350 --> 00:22:47,200
half the sky and turn it into women

551
00:22:51,029 --> 00:22:49,360
explore the whole sky

552
00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:51,039
maybe we can take that and make make

553
00:23:00,310 --> 00:22:52,960
something out of it thank you

554
00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:03,190
let's hear next from maria zuber let me

555
00:23:08,710 --> 00:23:05,360
find out her information here

556
00:23:11,350 --> 00:23:08,720
or she can jump in and tell us herself

557
00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:11,360
oh how bad of me not to have this uh and

558
00:23:15,190 --> 00:23:13,120
of course we'll be taking your questions

559
00:23:17,750 --> 00:23:15,200
at the end here she's a professor of

560
00:23:19,350 --> 00:23:17,760
geophysics at mit principal investigator

561
00:23:22,390 --> 00:23:19,360
pi in my world means private

562
00:23:24,149 --> 00:23:22,400
investigator like humphrey bogart pi

563
00:23:25,830 --> 00:23:24,159
very different in this world the grail

564
00:23:27,909 --> 00:23:25,840
mission measuring the gravitational

565
00:23:31,990 --> 00:23:27,919
field of the moon she studied the

566
00:23:34,310 --> 00:23:32,000
asteroid series and vesta and working on

567
00:23:36,390 --> 00:23:34,320
the laser altimeter that she created for

568
00:23:38,789 --> 00:23:36,400
the mars global surveyor spacecraft

569
00:23:40,149 --> 00:23:38,799
to check the topography for any planet

570
00:23:42,230 --> 00:23:40,159
including earth i think i've heard of

571
00:23:43,909 --> 00:23:42,240
earth thank you so much tell us about

572
00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:43,919
your work and how you got there and what

573
00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:45,840
you had to do to get there okay thanks

574
00:23:49,830 --> 00:23:47,840
so i i am i'm going to tell you a little

575
00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:49,840
bit about the the grail mission which is

576
00:23:54,950 --> 00:23:52,559
uh just started uh taking data around

577
00:23:57,990 --> 00:23:54,960
the moon in the last week so um if we

578
00:23:59,430 --> 00:23:58,000
could have uh let's see the next slide

579
00:24:01,110 --> 00:23:59,440
so um

580
00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:01,120
so that's uh what you see up there

581
00:24:05,029 --> 00:24:03,200
that's an image of the topography of the

582
00:24:07,029 --> 00:24:05,039
moon which is actually

583
00:24:09,350 --> 00:24:07,039
been measured with another instrument

584
00:24:11,990 --> 00:24:09,360
that we have that's uh measuring the

585
00:24:13,990 --> 00:24:12,000
moon right now the lunar orbiter laser

586
00:24:16,149 --> 00:24:14,000
altimeter and um

587
00:24:19,110 --> 00:24:16,159
and what you see there on

588
00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:19,120
i guess on the left-hand side is uh the

589
00:24:23,029 --> 00:24:20,720
the near side of the moon that we see

590
00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:23,039
from earth and the back is the far side

591
00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:25,760
of the moon um that we don't see ever

592
00:24:30,710 --> 00:24:27,600
from earth because the moon rotates

593
00:24:32,789 --> 00:24:30,720
synchronously and and what you notice is

594
00:24:34,390 --> 00:24:32,799
that the the near side and the far side

595
00:24:37,110 --> 00:24:34,400
of the moon are different

596
00:24:39,990 --> 00:24:37,120
and um and we don't know why

597
00:24:42,070 --> 00:24:40,000
and uh it was what's very interesting is

598
00:24:44,830 --> 00:24:42,080
that collectively

599
00:24:47,830 --> 00:24:44,840
the nations of earth have sent

600
00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:47,840
109 spacecraft to the moon to orbit the

601
00:24:52,310 --> 00:24:50,000
moon to land on the moon

602
00:24:54,390 --> 00:24:52,320
bring back samples

603
00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:54,400
and we don't know why the near side of

604
00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:56,240
the moon is different than the far side

605
00:24:59,190 --> 00:24:57,600
of the moon

606
00:25:02,149 --> 00:24:59,200
so

607
00:25:03,590 --> 00:25:02,159
it occurred to me that um the answer is

608
00:25:06,149 --> 00:25:03,600
not on the surface

609
00:25:07,669 --> 00:25:06,159
because if the answer was on the surface

610
00:25:10,149 --> 00:25:07,679
we would have known it by now because

611
00:25:12,549 --> 00:25:10,159
the previous missions have focused on

612
00:25:15,590 --> 00:25:12,559
the surface so if you go to the next uh

613
00:25:17,590 --> 00:25:15,600
the next slide there

614
00:25:19,990 --> 00:25:17,600
we decided to

615
00:25:21,909 --> 00:25:20,000
take a dedicated mission

616
00:25:23,990 --> 00:25:21,919
um to measure

617
00:25:27,029 --> 00:25:24,000
the gravity field of the moon to study

618
00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:27,039
the mass distribution of of the lunar

619
00:25:31,029 --> 00:25:28,559
interior

620
00:25:32,789 --> 00:25:31,039
that we could use this information

621
00:25:34,549 --> 00:25:32,799
in concert

622
00:25:37,110 --> 00:25:34,559
with the information from those other

623
00:25:38,950 --> 00:25:37,120
109 spacecraft

624
00:25:41,750 --> 00:25:38,960
that have been to the moon and are at

625
00:25:44,950 --> 00:25:41,760
the moon now and put together

626
00:25:46,710 --> 00:25:44,960
a holistic picture of uh

627
00:25:47,830 --> 00:25:46,720
of what the moon is like and how it

628
00:25:51,590 --> 00:25:47,840
evolved

629
00:25:53,590 --> 00:25:51,600
and uh and um we got together uh there

630
00:25:55,830 --> 00:25:53,600
was a group of us

631
00:25:56,950 --> 00:25:55,840
if uh if you study the physics of the

632
00:25:58,230 --> 00:25:56,960
planets

633
00:26:00,870 --> 00:25:58,240
um

634
00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:00,880
uh the gravity field of the moon

635
00:26:04,470 --> 00:26:02,400
is um

636
00:26:06,390 --> 00:26:04,480
it's one of these uh

637
00:26:09,350 --> 00:26:06,400
it's a trophy that you want to have on

638
00:26:12,789 --> 00:26:09,360
your mantelpiece okay uh

639
00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:12,799
and and so for uh

640
00:26:16,789 --> 00:26:15,440
decades some of us have wanted to do

641
00:26:18,230 --> 00:26:16,799
this but

642
00:26:19,909 --> 00:26:18,240
but to measure gravity you have to

643
00:26:22,630 --> 00:26:19,919
measure

644
00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:22,640
very tiny changes in the frequency of

645
00:26:28,149 --> 00:26:25,600
radio signals and and you need to track

646
00:26:29,430 --> 00:26:28,159
those um from earth and the problem with

647
00:26:32,549 --> 00:26:29,440
the moon is

648
00:26:34,390 --> 00:26:32,559
uh you never see the back side okay

649
00:26:37,110 --> 00:26:34,400
so um

650
00:26:38,549 --> 00:26:37,120
so lunar gravity has been interesting

651
00:26:40,310 --> 00:26:38,559
since

652
00:26:43,029 --> 00:26:40,320
the initial spacecraft went to the moon

653
00:26:45,269 --> 00:26:43,039
the lunar mascons they were worried

654
00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:45,279
about being able to land astronauts

655
00:26:50,149 --> 00:26:47,840
safely in the moon because of how the

656
00:26:51,830 --> 00:26:50,159
spacecraft would bump around

657
00:26:55,750 --> 00:26:51,840
due to the lumpiness of the lunar

658
00:26:57,110 --> 00:26:55,760
gravity field and so uh so for 40 years

659
00:26:59,350 --> 00:26:57,120
this has been

660
00:27:02,630 --> 00:26:59,360
you know what i'll call a a low hanging

661
00:27:04,470 --> 00:27:02,640
apple on the tree that we have not been

662
00:27:08,630 --> 00:27:04,480
able to grasp

663
00:27:10,710 --> 00:27:08,640
but um technology um came to our uh aid

664
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:10,720
because the way that you measure gravity

665
00:27:13,909 --> 00:27:12,080
on the backside of the moon if you don't

666
00:27:16,549 --> 00:27:13,919
track is you take two spacecraft and you

667
00:27:19,110 --> 00:27:16,559
let them make measurements to each other

668
00:27:22,950 --> 00:27:19,120
and um and so our mission is is all

669
00:27:24,470 --> 00:27:22,960
about uh taking radio signals and and uh

670
00:27:26,789 --> 00:27:24,480
having the two spacecraft track each

671
00:27:29,909 --> 00:27:26,799
other then tracking them from earth

672
00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:29,919
and uh and there was a mission um called

673
00:27:33,590 --> 00:27:32,640
grace that's in orbit around uh earth

674
00:27:35,590 --> 00:27:33,600
right now

675
00:27:38,310 --> 00:27:35,600
and the instrumentation was built here

676
00:27:41,029 --> 00:27:38,320
at the jet propulsion laboratory

677
00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:41,039
and um and so uh

678
00:27:44,230 --> 00:27:42,880
that the demonstration of that

679
00:27:47,430 --> 00:27:44,240
technology

680
00:27:48,870 --> 00:27:47,440
is what allowed us to finally propose uh

681
00:27:49,990 --> 00:27:48,880
this mission

682
00:27:51,190 --> 00:27:50,000
to the moon

683
00:27:54,149 --> 00:27:51,200
so the next

684
00:27:56,870 --> 00:27:54,159
the next slide if we look at that

685
00:27:58,389 --> 00:27:56,880
this is uh this is some pictures of the

686
00:27:59,990 --> 00:27:58,399
hardware so there's the the two

687
00:28:02,070 --> 00:28:00,000
spacecraft

688
00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:02,080
when you work in this business you know

689
00:28:05,669 --> 00:28:04,080
uh i'm a parent and

690
00:28:07,430 --> 00:28:05,679
uh

691
00:28:09,029 --> 00:28:07,440
i think of the spacecraft and the

692
00:28:12,310 --> 00:28:09,039
instruments that i built almost as my

693
00:28:13,269 --> 00:28:12,320
children okay and um so i got these

694
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:13,279
these

695
00:28:16,389 --> 00:28:14,640
two guys that are in orbit right now

696
00:28:17,830 --> 00:28:16,399
there's a terrible solar storm and it's

697
00:28:19,830 --> 00:28:17,840
like when you're a parent and you send

698
00:28:21,190 --> 00:28:19,840
your kids off to school and you wonder

699
00:28:24,070 --> 00:28:21,200
oh my god i didn't know it was gonna

700
00:28:25,110 --> 00:28:24,080
rain today and um so so they're

701
00:28:27,830 --> 00:28:25,120
essentially up there with their

702
00:28:30,310 --> 00:28:27,840
sunglasses on you know waiting for the

703
00:28:32,149 --> 00:28:30,320
solar shocks to pass through but uh but

704
00:28:33,830 --> 00:28:32,159
there's a um

705
00:28:36,470 --> 00:28:33,840
there's uh there's the hardware and

706
00:28:39,430 --> 00:28:36,480
there's um there's the instrumentation

707
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:39,440
um and uh and what i wanted to

708
00:28:43,990 --> 00:28:42,480
point out by this is um

709
00:28:46,149 --> 00:28:44,000
is just if you're if you're thinking

710
00:28:47,510 --> 00:28:46,159
about a field like this

711
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:47,520
um

712
00:28:52,389 --> 00:28:49,440
uh

713
00:28:55,029 --> 00:28:52,399
working on a team and also making an

714
00:28:56,789 --> 00:28:55,039
individual contribution this is really a

715
00:28:58,950 --> 00:28:56,799
wonderful field to be in

716
00:29:03,430 --> 00:28:58,960
um because if you look at all those

717
00:29:09,350 --> 00:29:06,149
everybody involved in working on every

718
00:29:10,789 --> 00:29:09,360
aspect of those has to do their job

719
00:29:13,350 --> 00:29:10,799
perfectly

720
00:29:15,190 --> 00:29:13,360
or else this mission is going to fail

721
00:29:17,110 --> 00:29:15,200
so everybody

722
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:17,120
everybody on the whole team

723
00:29:20,389 --> 00:29:18,960
has an extremely

724
00:29:23,110 --> 00:29:20,399
important job

725
00:29:26,549 --> 00:29:23,120
and and there is a great deal of

726
00:29:29,269 --> 00:29:26,559
mutual concern and mutual respect for

727
00:29:31,029 --> 00:29:29,279
the work that everybody does so one of

728
00:29:32,310 --> 00:29:31,039
the things that that you know from

729
00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:32,320
psychologically looking at the

730
00:29:36,710 --> 00:29:34,080
literature is that uh

731
00:29:39,110 --> 00:29:36,720
is that women tend to be more social and

732
00:29:41,669 --> 00:29:39,120
like to work in groups and so one of the

733
00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:41,679
things that i've just really enjoyed

734
00:29:45,990 --> 00:29:43,520
about working on space instruments and

735
00:29:49,350 --> 00:29:46,000
space missions is getting together with

736
00:29:51,750 --> 00:29:49,360
a wonderful smart dedicated group of

737
00:29:53,510 --> 00:29:51,760
like-minded people and creating

738
00:29:56,149 --> 00:29:53,520
something much bigger

739
00:29:57,909 --> 00:29:56,159
than i myself or any of my colleagues

740
00:30:00,070 --> 00:29:57,919
can do in isolation

741
00:30:01,750 --> 00:30:00,080
and and i i think this this just

742
00:30:03,510 --> 00:30:01,760
illustrates that so where if i can ask

743
00:30:05,830 --> 00:30:03,520
you is that an advantage and where is it

744
00:30:08,950 --> 00:30:05,840
a disadvantage where is it where is that

745
00:30:11,909 --> 00:30:08,960
sense of the team work that well it's um

746
00:30:14,950 --> 00:30:11,919
you know on on the team um

747
00:30:16,870 --> 00:30:14,960
everybody shares the credit okay so if

748
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:16,880
if you are a person

749
00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:18,640
who likes to

750
00:30:25,110 --> 00:30:22,480
or needs to get all of the attention um

751
00:30:26,230 --> 00:30:25,120
that doesn't happen on space missions

752
00:30:31,350 --> 00:30:26,240
because

753
00:30:33,669 --> 00:30:31,360
everybody needs to um share credit okay

754
00:30:34,549 --> 00:30:33,679
and and i think that's a wonderful thing

755
00:30:38,789 --> 00:30:34,559
because

756
00:30:41,350 --> 00:30:38,799
one succeeds

757
00:30:44,310 --> 00:30:41,360
there's plenty of credit to go around so

758
00:30:46,630 --> 00:30:44,320
everyone can have credit um

759
00:30:49,190 --> 00:30:46,640
but but you know it's it's not the right

760
00:30:51,110 --> 00:30:49,200
thing to do if if you want to call all

761
00:30:54,470 --> 00:30:51,120
the shots yourself you can't know enough

762
00:30:57,510 --> 00:30:54,480
nobody can know enough um to do all of

763
00:30:58,389 --> 00:30:57,520
uh all of this work on their own

764
00:30:59,510 --> 00:30:58,399
so

765
00:31:02,830 --> 00:30:59,520
okay

766
00:31:05,269 --> 00:31:02,840
all right the next uh the next chart

767
00:31:06,549 --> 00:31:05,279
um we

768
00:31:10,470 --> 00:31:06,559
we did a lot

769
00:31:13,110 --> 00:31:10,480
i i have a just a wonderful um wonderful

770
00:31:17,110 --> 00:31:13,120
wonderful smart group of uh people that

771
00:31:19,830 --> 00:31:17,120
i work with um on this mission and uh

772
00:31:21,909 --> 00:31:19,840
and uh and they just did came up with so

773
00:31:24,310 --> 00:31:21,919
many so many clever ideas and sitting

774
00:31:27,590 --> 00:31:24,320
around and brainstorming um

775
00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:27,600
uh how you can do uh things uh clever

776
00:31:32,470 --> 00:31:30,320
and and sometimes um clever can mean

777
00:31:33,669 --> 00:31:32,480
inexpensive

778
00:31:35,350 --> 00:31:33,679
but of course you don't want to be too

779
00:31:37,590 --> 00:31:35,360
inexpensive because it doesn't work it

780
00:31:38,950 --> 00:31:37,600
doesn't matter how much it costs or

781
00:31:40,870 --> 00:31:38,960
doesn't cost

782
00:31:43,110 --> 00:31:40,880
and uh and if you notice with those two

783
00:31:44,630 --> 00:31:43,120
spacecraft they're they're pretty small

784
00:31:46,950 --> 00:31:44,640
actually they're about the size of i

785
00:31:50,630 --> 00:31:46,960
like to say they're about the size of a

786
00:31:51,669 --> 00:31:50,640
apartment sized washer and dryer okay

787
00:31:55,190 --> 00:31:51,679
and

788
00:31:58,070 --> 00:31:55,200
we made them small so that they could

789
00:32:00,549 --> 00:31:58,080
fit on they could both fit on one rocket

790
00:32:02,950 --> 00:32:00,559
so we actually by making them small

791
00:32:04,870 --> 00:32:02,960
instead of big we saved 150 million

792
00:32:06,710 --> 00:32:04,880
dollars because we could use one rocket

793
00:32:07,909 --> 00:32:06,720
instead of two rockets

794
00:32:11,509 --> 00:32:07,919
and um

795
00:32:15,029 --> 00:32:11,519
one of the one of the main ways that we

796
00:32:16,630 --> 00:32:15,039
were able to use small spacecraft is

797
00:32:19,110 --> 00:32:16,640
that we took a very innovative

798
00:32:21,190 --> 00:32:19,120
trajectory to the moon

799
00:32:23,750 --> 00:32:21,200
and uh so you know the apollo astronauts

800
00:32:26,070 --> 00:32:23,760
got to the moon in three days okay

801
00:32:27,909 --> 00:32:26,080
and uh so if you and you can do this you

802
00:32:30,230 --> 00:32:27,919
know you send a rocket to the moon you

803
00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:30,240
go barreling towards the moon and in

804
00:32:34,149 --> 00:32:32,320
order to get into orbit around a planet

805
00:32:36,470 --> 00:32:34,159
what you've basically got to do

806
00:32:38,389 --> 00:32:36,480
is slow down enough for the gravity

807
00:32:39,830 --> 00:32:38,399
field of the planet to capture the

808
00:32:42,230 --> 00:32:39,840
spacecraft okay

809
00:32:44,630 --> 00:32:42,240
so if you go shooting towards the moon

810
00:32:46,470 --> 00:32:44,640
you gotta really hit the brakes

811
00:32:49,350 --> 00:32:46,480
in order for the the lunar gravity field

812
00:32:51,029 --> 00:32:49,360
to capture you okay so we instead of

813
00:32:54,230 --> 00:32:51,039
going towards the moon

814
00:32:55,830 --> 00:32:54,240
uh we went towards the sun

815
00:32:58,070 --> 00:32:55,840
okay and that's a picture of the

816
00:32:59,590 --> 00:32:58,080
trajectory up there uh we didn't go to

817
00:33:01,110 --> 00:32:59,600
the moon in three days we went three and

818
00:33:04,230 --> 00:33:01,120
a half months

819
00:33:06,230 --> 00:33:04,240
um but when we it's what's called a low

820
00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:06,240
energy trajectory and we use something

821
00:33:09,269 --> 00:33:07,600
called the earth

822
00:33:11,509 --> 00:33:09,279
earth sun lagrange point which is

823
00:33:13,669 --> 00:33:11,519
essentially the place where gravity

824
00:33:14,950 --> 00:33:13,679
balances between the earth

825
00:33:18,389 --> 00:33:14,960
and the sun

826
00:33:20,789 --> 00:33:18,399
and essentially use that point as a boy

827
00:33:22,389 --> 00:33:20,799
to go around and so we but when we got

828
00:33:24,389 --> 00:33:22,399
to the moon when the two spacecraft got

829
00:33:27,350 --> 00:33:24,399
to the moon we only had to slow down by

830
00:33:29,669 --> 00:33:27,360
170 meters per second to get into orbit

831
00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:29,679
so we were able to use very small fuel

832
00:33:32,230 --> 00:33:31,360
tanks

833
00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:32,240
and

834
00:33:37,590 --> 00:33:36,559
clever thing that the team

835
00:33:39,750 --> 00:33:37,600
thought of

836
00:33:42,070 --> 00:33:39,760
to do this it sounds like a good analogy

837
00:33:44,389 --> 00:33:42,080
for a career trajectory too because once

838
00:33:46,789 --> 00:33:44,399
you get up to a certain level it's

839
00:33:48,950 --> 00:33:46,799
pretty easy to get that last little bit

840
00:33:51,909 --> 00:33:48,960
because the gravity may be helping you

841
00:33:53,909 --> 00:33:51,919
out but but to get that far to as a

842
00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:53,919
woman to get to the point that you have

843
00:33:58,230 --> 00:33:55,760
i mean that's where the energy that's

844
00:34:01,509 --> 00:33:58,240
that's actually a really

845
00:34:04,710 --> 00:34:01,519
good point because um because i

846
00:34:07,430 --> 00:34:04,720
i think in general

847
00:34:09,430 --> 00:34:07,440
for a woman early in a career

848
00:34:11,669 --> 00:34:09,440
it's maybe a little bit more difficult

849
00:34:15,669 --> 00:34:11,679
to get noticed okay

850
00:34:18,470 --> 00:34:15,679
um but once uh once you get over that

851
00:34:20,629 --> 00:34:18,480
gravitational well so to speak

852
00:34:22,069 --> 00:34:20,639
because there are fewer it's

853
00:34:25,750 --> 00:34:22,079
you get noticed

854
00:34:27,829 --> 00:34:25,760
um so um good notice or bad notice uh

855
00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:27,839
well i you know at some point you know

856
00:34:30,710 --> 00:34:29,280
you've got to stand on your own because

857
00:34:33,990 --> 00:34:30,720
of your work

858
00:34:35,270 --> 00:34:34,000
so um so once once you get to the point

859
00:34:37,349 --> 00:34:35,280
where

860
00:34:39,510 --> 00:34:37,359
you're established scientifically i

861
00:34:41,829 --> 00:34:39,520
think you can be judged more

862
00:34:43,190 --> 00:34:41,839
easily on the quality of your work do

863
00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:43,200
you agree with margaret that once you

864
00:34:46,149 --> 00:34:44,800
get in a work circumstance or even a

865
00:34:47,750 --> 00:34:46,159
class that's all men you just have to

866
00:34:50,629 --> 00:34:47,760
pretend not to notice

867
00:34:52,629 --> 00:34:50,639
well i never did notice okay that's uh

868
00:34:54,310 --> 00:34:52,639
this uh

869
00:34:55,909 --> 00:34:54,320
you know somebody told me this once and

870
00:34:58,870 --> 00:34:55,919
it was actually a great piece of advice

871
00:35:02,630 --> 00:34:58,880
ignorance can be an enabler and um

872
00:35:05,030 --> 00:35:02,640
and um and and i've i just i was

873
00:35:07,670 --> 00:35:05,040
usually the only woman in class and i

874
00:35:09,510 --> 00:35:07,680
just most of the time would never notice

875
00:35:11,190 --> 00:35:09,520
and in fact when i was on my

876
00:35:13,750 --> 00:35:11,200
first space mission it was a mission

877
00:35:15,510 --> 00:35:13,760
called mars observer i got a i got a

878
00:35:17,430 --> 00:35:15,520
phone call from a reporter that said you

879
00:35:19,670 --> 00:35:17,440
know there are 87

880
00:35:20,790 --> 00:35:19,680
sign investigators science investigators

881
00:35:24,470 --> 00:35:20,800
on this mission and you're the only

882
00:35:25,750 --> 00:35:24,480
woman and i said no way

883
00:35:27,589 --> 00:35:25,760
and uh

884
00:35:28,870 --> 00:35:27,599
and after i hung up i pulled out the

885
00:35:31,510 --> 00:35:28,880
list and started going through it and

886
00:35:33,430 --> 00:35:31,520
went oh wow you know

887
00:35:35,349 --> 00:35:33,440
so it was true and i had never

888
00:35:38,790 --> 00:35:35,359
noticed that then it became a strength i

889
00:35:41,349 --> 00:35:38,800
would think um well um you know now when

890
00:35:42,630 --> 00:35:41,359
there are conferences uh

891
00:35:45,349 --> 00:35:42,640
you know in a lot of cases there are

892
00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:45,359
attempts to make that are made to

893
00:35:48,870 --> 00:35:47,359
have some balance and you know make sure

894
00:35:50,710 --> 00:35:48,880
that you invite one so if you're the

895
00:35:52,470 --> 00:35:50,720
only woman out of 87 investigators you

896
00:35:54,790 --> 00:35:52,480
get asked to

897
00:36:02,950 --> 00:35:54,800
speak in public a lot

898
00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:04,710
amy manser is a research scientist here

899
00:36:08,870 --> 00:36:06,960
at jpl principal principal investigator

900
00:36:10,790 --> 00:36:08,880
of the neo-wise project which is an

901
00:36:12,550 --> 00:36:10,800
outgrowth of the project she conceived

902
00:36:14,150 --> 00:36:12,560
to enhance the ability to find new

903
00:36:15,670 --> 00:36:14,160
near-earth asteroids if she doesn't have

904
00:36:17,510 --> 00:36:15,680
a hollywood agent for that kind of line

905
00:36:19,430 --> 00:36:17,520
of work you really should she says the

906
00:36:21,030 --> 00:36:19,440
universe is weirder more wonderful place

907
00:36:22,310 --> 00:36:21,040
than any science fiction i've ever read

908
00:36:25,270 --> 00:36:22,320
but i'm sure that she'll have some good

909
00:36:30,870 --> 00:36:28,710
so we can take us look at the next slide

910
00:36:33,190 --> 00:36:30,880
we will uh get started and

911
00:36:35,109 --> 00:36:33,200
so basically what we did is uh with the

912
00:36:37,910 --> 00:36:35,119
the wise mission this is the whitefield

913
00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:37,920
infrared survey explorer project

914
00:36:42,870 --> 00:36:40,480
and the goal of this project

915
00:36:44,470 --> 00:36:42,880
got a bad mic sorry hope you can hear me

916
00:36:47,750 --> 00:36:44,480
the goal of this project that i worked

917
00:36:50,630 --> 00:36:47,760
on uh is was to survey the entire sky in

918
00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:50,640
infrared light in one year

919
00:36:54,950 --> 00:36:52,720
so it was really a whirlwind trip

920
00:36:57,270 --> 00:36:54,960
i have to say it was a phenomenal

921
00:36:59,510 --> 00:36:57,280
experience to get to do this and one of

922
00:37:01,109 --> 00:36:59,520
the things that we got to do is find a

923
00:37:02,710 --> 00:37:01,119
lot of asteroids

924
00:37:05,349 --> 00:37:02,720
and that's that was a kind of an

925
00:37:06,950 --> 00:37:05,359
unexpected bonus to this this project so

926
00:37:08,150 --> 00:37:06,960
if we could have the next slide

927
00:37:10,790 --> 00:37:08,160
i'll tell you a little bit about

928
00:37:12,390 --> 00:37:10,800
infrared light and why astronomers would

929
00:37:14,230 --> 00:37:12,400
care about it i mean you'd think well

930
00:37:15,430 --> 00:37:14,240
isn't the visible light that my eyes see

931
00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:15,440
good enough

932
00:37:20,390 --> 00:37:17,839
and it turns out that your eyes only see

933
00:37:22,230 --> 00:37:20,400
a tiny tiny fraction of the of the whole

934
00:37:23,589 --> 00:37:22,240
electromagnetic spectrum of light that's

935
00:37:25,430 --> 00:37:23,599
actually out there

936
00:37:27,589 --> 00:37:25,440
so astronomers sometimes use other

937
00:37:29,750 --> 00:37:27,599
wavelengths like infrared ultraviolet

938
00:37:31,829 --> 00:37:29,760
x-ray and in particular with infrared

939
00:37:33,589 --> 00:37:31,839
you've got certain benefits

940
00:37:34,870 --> 00:37:33,599
you can see these pictures of coffee

941
00:37:37,510 --> 00:37:34,880
cups there that i'm holding two

942
00:37:39,109 --> 00:37:37,520
identical coffee cups and to your eyes

943
00:37:41,270 --> 00:37:39,119
which are sensing the visible light

944
00:37:43,349 --> 00:37:41,280
that's reflected off of the coffee cups

945
00:37:45,030 --> 00:37:43,359
they look exactly the same you can't

946
00:37:47,349 --> 00:37:45,040
really tell anything about the contents

947
00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:47,359
of the of what's inside these cups

948
00:37:51,910 --> 00:37:49,200
but if you have an infrared sensor

949
00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:51,920
that's capable of measuring heat you can

950
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:54,079
very clearly see which coffee cup has

951
00:37:56,870 --> 00:37:55,839
the hot water and which one has ice

952
00:37:58,310 --> 00:37:56,880
water

953
00:38:00,550 --> 00:37:58,320
and you can also see that my nose is

954
00:38:02,950 --> 00:38:00,560
cold in that picture

955
00:38:05,750 --> 00:38:02,960
so it gives you an idea of what the

956
00:38:07,510 --> 00:38:05,760
utility is of these other wavelengths

957
00:38:09,670 --> 00:38:07,520
and in particular when we use them to

958
00:38:10,870 --> 00:38:09,680
look at say for example asteroids

959
00:38:12,870 --> 00:38:10,880
they're very good at telling the

960
00:38:13,990 --> 00:38:12,880
temperature of these objects and from

961
00:38:16,150 --> 00:38:14,000
that we can learn physical

962
00:38:17,990 --> 00:38:16,160
characteristics such as their diameters

963
00:38:19,910 --> 00:38:18,000
how big they are and get a little bit of

964
00:38:21,109 --> 00:38:19,920
a glimmer about what they're made out of

965
00:38:22,310 --> 00:38:21,119
so if we could have the next slide

966
00:38:23,670 --> 00:38:22,320
please

967
00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:23,680
okay so let me tell you a little bit

968
00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:25,680
about the telescope that we used like i

969
00:38:29,910 --> 00:38:27,440
said it's the wide field infrared survey

970
00:38:31,510 --> 00:38:29,920
explorer and it was a small telescope it

971
00:38:33,750 --> 00:38:31,520
would sort of fit under your arm it's

972
00:38:36,950 --> 00:38:33,760
about 40 centimeters it launched in late

973
00:38:38,470 --> 00:38:36,960
2009 uh out of california vandenberg

974
00:38:39,990 --> 00:38:38,480
and it was hundreds of times more

975
00:38:41,349 --> 00:38:40,000
sensitive than the predecessor

976
00:38:43,349 --> 00:38:41,359
satellites

977
00:38:45,270 --> 00:38:43,359
so one of the main things that we did is

978
00:38:47,349 --> 00:38:45,280
we came up with a little enhancement to

979
00:38:49,430 --> 00:38:47,359
the the wise data processing pipeline

980
00:38:52,230 --> 00:38:49,440
and we call it neowise which stands for

981
00:38:54,310 --> 00:38:52,240
near-earth object plus wise and in nasa

982
00:38:56,230 --> 00:38:54,320
we love our acronyms so i get double

983
00:38:58,950 --> 00:38:56,240
points because it's two acronyms in one

984
00:39:00,310 --> 00:38:58,960
which is really kind of cool

985
00:39:02,470 --> 00:39:00,320
but if we have the next slide i can show

986
00:39:03,349 --> 00:39:02,480
you a little bit about what wise is all

987
00:39:05,190 --> 00:39:03,359
about

988
00:39:07,109 --> 00:39:05,200
so the goal of the mission was to survey

989
00:39:09,190 --> 00:39:07,119
the whole sky like i said in just six

990
00:39:11,990 --> 00:39:09,200
months and the way we did that is by

991
00:39:15,030 --> 00:39:12,000
taking a picture with a four megapixel

992
00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:15,040
infrared camera every 11 seconds for an

993
00:39:17,750 --> 00:39:16,320
entire year

994
00:39:20,069 --> 00:39:17,760
so you can imagine if you sat there

995
00:39:21,430 --> 00:39:20,079
taking pictures every 11 seconds for a

996
00:39:23,990 --> 00:39:21,440
year it would build up quite a lot of

997
00:39:25,670 --> 00:39:24,000
data and quite a lot of images

998
00:39:27,349 --> 00:39:25,680
and you can see there an example of how

999
00:39:28,630 --> 00:39:27,359
we were able to cover the sky so very

1000
00:39:30,870 --> 00:39:28,640
quickly

1001
00:39:33,670 --> 00:39:30,880
okay let's have the next slide

1002
00:39:35,349 --> 00:39:33,680
and there's a picture of of wise and

1003
00:39:37,190 --> 00:39:35,359
i think it's it's like maria said i mean

1004
00:39:39,270 --> 00:39:37,200
these these things do become your babies

1005
00:39:44,150 --> 00:39:39,280
in a way and there it is all packed up

1006
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:46,950
uh unfortunately no but you do get to

1007
00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:48,160
take some pretty cool pictures with it

1008
00:39:52,150 --> 00:39:50,160
which is good so that's that's fun but

1009
00:39:53,910 --> 00:39:52,160
uh yeah unfortunately painting slogans

1010
00:39:55,589 --> 00:39:53,920
on it would probably be bad for getting

1011
00:39:57,190 --> 00:39:55,599
to space unfortunately probably have

1012
00:39:58,790 --> 00:39:57,200
some bad side effect

1013
00:40:00,150 --> 00:39:58,800
so you can see it there in the rocket in

1014
00:40:02,710 --> 00:40:00,160
the nose cone and that's a picture of

1015
00:40:04,230 --> 00:40:02,720
the of the spacecraft uh they're

1016
00:40:06,069 --> 00:40:04,240
sitting in the high bay just before it

1017
00:40:08,550 --> 00:40:06,079
was packed into the rocket

1018
00:40:11,030 --> 00:40:08,560
and if you have the next slide

1019
00:40:12,710 --> 00:40:11,040
so this is our previous picture of the

1020
00:40:14,069 --> 00:40:12,720
whole sky in infrared light from a

1021
00:40:16,230 --> 00:40:14,079
mission that was launched in the in the

1022
00:40:18,470 --> 00:40:16,240
mid 80s uh and it's one of the

1023
00:40:20,710 --> 00:40:18,480
instruments on board another acronym is

1024
00:40:22,550 --> 00:40:20,720
called derby diffuse infrared background

1025
00:40:23,829 --> 00:40:22,560
explorer i think and there's a picture

1026
00:40:25,349 --> 00:40:23,839
of the full moon just to give you a

1027
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:25,359
sense of the scale

1028
00:40:30,310 --> 00:40:27,440
uh so this is what our best view of the

1029
00:40:32,310 --> 00:40:30,320
sky at these wavelengths was like in in

1030
00:40:33,109 --> 00:40:32,320
the past now if we have the next slide

1031
00:40:34,790 --> 00:40:33,119
there

1032
00:40:37,349 --> 00:40:34,800
okay again

1033
00:40:39,190 --> 00:40:37,359
okay so now if we go to slightly longer

1034
00:40:40,950 --> 00:40:39,200
infrared wavelengths this is another

1035
00:40:43,589 --> 00:40:40,960
mission called the infrared astronomical

1036
00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:43,599
satellite and it was launched in 1983 it

1037
00:40:47,670 --> 00:40:46,400
had 62 pixels on board its digital

1038
00:40:50,870 --> 00:40:47,680
camera

1039
00:40:52,150 --> 00:40:50,880
and so with wise we have 4 million so we

1040
00:40:53,990 --> 00:40:52,160
were able to bring a lot of new

1041
00:40:55,430 --> 00:40:54,000
technology to bear on this and you can

1042
00:40:56,790 --> 00:40:55,440
definitely see that there's a star there

1043
00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:56,800
in this image but it's still very

1044
00:41:01,109 --> 00:40:59,119
pixelated and rather crude if you have

1045
00:41:02,470 --> 00:41:01,119
the next slide

1046
00:41:04,710 --> 00:41:02,480
this is the view of the same part of the

1047
00:41:05,829 --> 00:41:04,720
sky from wise and this was our first

1048
00:41:07,750 --> 00:41:05,839
light image

1049
00:41:10,069 --> 00:41:07,760
which we managed to take on new year's

1050
00:41:11,670 --> 00:41:10,079
day or new year's eve actually

1051
00:41:13,829 --> 00:41:11,680
about a couple years ago now so that was

1052
00:41:15,109 --> 00:41:13,839
a great new year's present and it was a

1053
00:41:17,109 --> 00:41:15,119
lot of fun

1054
00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:17,119
so if we have the next slide

1055
00:41:21,270 --> 00:41:19,200
okay so moving on this is one of my

1056
00:41:22,790 --> 00:41:21,280
favorite pictures from the mission and

1057
00:41:24,950 --> 00:41:22,800
it just illustrates what wise was all

1058
00:41:26,710 --> 00:41:24,960
about an all-sky survey in four infrared

1059
00:41:29,030 --> 00:41:26,720
wavelengths beautiful nebula there

1060
00:41:30,870 --> 00:41:29,040
beautiful beautiful star-forming region

1061
00:41:32,230 --> 00:41:30,880
but there are some little dots and if we

1062
00:41:34,150 --> 00:41:32,240
have the next slide

1063
00:41:36,950 --> 00:41:34,160
you can see i've highlighted them there

1064
00:41:39,030 --> 00:41:36,960
those are asteroids those little dots

1065
00:41:40,870 --> 00:41:39,040
and what we did with the neowise project

1066
00:41:42,870 --> 00:41:40,880
is come up with a way of finding these

1067
00:41:44,630 --> 00:41:42,880
little dots automatically with with

1068
00:41:46,230 --> 00:41:44,640
computers instead of having to go

1069
00:41:47,270 --> 00:41:46,240
through these millions of images by hand

1070
00:41:48,630 --> 00:41:47,280
which would have been absolutely

1071
00:41:50,230 --> 00:41:48,640
impossible

1072
00:41:51,510 --> 00:41:50,240
so the pipeline automatically found

1073
00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:51,520
these objects even though they're in the

1074
00:41:55,829 --> 00:41:53,359
middle of this huge cloud

1075
00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:55,839
and so let's go on to the next slide

1076
00:41:59,990 --> 00:41:57,920
now i've talked a little bit about what

1077
00:42:01,990 --> 00:42:00,000
infrared is good for taking temperatures

1078
00:42:04,470 --> 00:42:02,000
and i've mentioned that it's good for

1079
00:42:06,069 --> 00:42:04,480
measuring sizes of asteroids and if what

1080
00:42:08,069 --> 00:42:06,079
you care about is the frequency with

1081
00:42:09,829 --> 00:42:08,079
which they impact the earth

1082
00:42:11,510 --> 00:42:09,839
this is a good thing to know

1083
00:42:13,829 --> 00:42:11,520
so this graphic here just gives you an

1084
00:42:15,349 --> 00:42:13,839
idea with visible light it's very hard

1085
00:42:17,430 --> 00:42:15,359
to tell the difference between an object

1086
00:42:19,510 --> 00:42:17,440
that's small but very shiny and

1087
00:42:21,589 --> 00:42:19,520
reflective and an object that's very

1088
00:42:23,670 --> 00:42:21,599
large but dark like a piece of charcoal

1089
00:42:25,510 --> 00:42:23,680
it's like tsa in other words yes it's

1090
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:25,520
kind of it's kind of a special sensor

1091
00:42:28,069 --> 00:42:27,040
for figuring out what's really going on

1092
00:42:29,510 --> 00:42:28,079
there because you know when we see

1093
00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:29,520
asteroids far away they just look like

1094
00:42:32,069 --> 00:42:30,400
dots

1095
00:42:34,069 --> 00:42:32,079
most of the time we don't have beautiful

1096
00:42:35,910 --> 00:42:34,079
up close images like what carol is going

1097
00:42:37,589 --> 00:42:35,920
to show you so when we see them from far

1098
00:42:39,510 --> 00:42:37,599
away they look like dots and into a

1099
00:42:41,589 --> 00:42:39,520
visible light telescope it's very hard

1100
00:42:43,109 --> 00:42:41,599
to tell the size so you have to infer a

1101
00:42:44,790 --> 00:42:43,119
lot that's right and with the infrared

1102
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:44,800
telescope you can get a much more direct

1103
00:42:49,190 --> 00:42:46,800
measurement of how big the object is and

1104
00:42:51,750 --> 00:42:49,200
that's important also too we tend not to

1105
00:42:55,030 --> 00:42:51,760
miss the smaller darker objects that are

1106
00:42:56,790 --> 00:42:55,040
out there so if we have the next slide

1107
00:42:58,470 --> 00:42:56,800
uh okay so go ahead and click on the

1108
00:43:00,150 --> 00:42:58,480
movie there

1109
00:43:01,990 --> 00:43:00,160
and we will give you

1110
00:43:04,470 --> 00:43:02,000
this is a it's a top-down view of the

1111
00:43:05,990 --> 00:43:04,480
solar system as it was observed by by

1112
00:43:09,030 --> 00:43:06,000
our spacecraft

1113
00:43:11,109 --> 00:43:09,040
and let's give it a there you go

1114
00:43:12,630 --> 00:43:11,119
okay so that is the orbit of jupiter is

1115
00:43:14,470 --> 00:43:12,640
that working

1116
00:43:16,630 --> 00:43:14,480
oops looks like we may have a technical

1117
00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:16,640
failure okay well i'm just going to go

1118
00:43:19,750 --> 00:43:17,680
ahead and talk about it so what you

1119
00:43:21,430 --> 00:43:19,760
would have seen there is basically lots

1120
00:43:23,430 --> 00:43:21,440
and lots of dots

1121
00:43:26,470 --> 00:43:23,440
and each one was an asteroid that was

1122
00:43:28,790 --> 00:43:26,480
observed by the project by neowise

1123
00:43:30,710 --> 00:43:28,800
in total we observed something like 158

1124
00:43:33,510 --> 00:43:30,720
000 asteroids and we're still digging

1125
00:43:34,950 --> 00:43:33,520
them out of the data as we speak and

1126
00:43:36,950 --> 00:43:34,960
we found a bunch of them that actually

1127
00:43:39,030 --> 00:43:36,960
get close to the earth and these are the

1128
00:43:41,750 --> 00:43:39,040
near-earth objects so what we've been

1129
00:43:44,710 --> 00:43:41,760
able to do is use our sample from wise

1130
00:43:46,710 --> 00:43:44,720
and from neowise to extrapolate how many

1131
00:43:48,630 --> 00:43:46,720
are out there in total and how big they

1132
00:43:51,349 --> 00:43:48,640
are and also learn something about their

1133
00:43:53,349 --> 00:43:51,359
orbits which for purposes of calculating

1134
00:43:55,510 --> 00:43:53,359
uh the actual impact frequency to earth

1135
00:43:57,349 --> 00:43:55,520
these are things we need to know

1136
00:43:58,550 --> 00:43:57,359
okay so let's just ditch the movie and

1137
00:43:59,910 --> 00:43:58,560
move on

1138
00:44:02,309 --> 00:43:59,920
all right so one of the things we were

1139
00:44:03,990 --> 00:44:02,319
able to find is that we've actually done

1140
00:44:05,910 --> 00:44:04,000
a pretty good job the whole worldwide

1141
00:44:08,150 --> 00:44:05,920
community of both amateur and

1142
00:44:09,910 --> 00:44:08,160
professional astronomers has actually

1143
00:44:11,829 --> 00:44:09,920
cleaned up pretty nicely on the really

1144
00:44:13,670 --> 00:44:11,839
big asteroids the really big near earth

1145
00:44:15,829 --> 00:44:13,680
objects these are sort of the planet

1146
00:44:17,190 --> 00:44:15,839
buster size things the things that are

1147
00:44:19,030 --> 00:44:17,200
thought to have been responsible for the

1148
00:44:20,950 --> 00:44:19,040
extinction of the dinosaurs

1149
00:44:22,870 --> 00:44:20,960
and there are roughly a thousand of them

1150
00:44:25,270 --> 00:44:22,880
and with neowise because we were able to

1151
00:44:26,950 --> 00:44:25,280
gain new information about their sizes

1152
00:44:29,109 --> 00:44:26,960
we were able to confirm that at this

1153
00:44:30,550 --> 00:44:29,119
point more than 90 percent of all these

1154
00:44:31,670 --> 00:44:30,560
really large near-earth objects have

1155
00:44:33,349 --> 00:44:31,680
been found

1156
00:44:34,790 --> 00:44:33,359
this was called the space guard goal and

1157
00:44:37,910 --> 00:44:34,800
i personally like it because it just

1158
00:44:39,510 --> 00:44:37,920
sounds so science fiction you know

1159
00:44:41,990 --> 00:44:39,520
so we've done pretty well on the on the

1160
00:44:43,430 --> 00:44:42,000
very large ones but on the smaller

1161
00:44:45,990 --> 00:44:43,440
objects which can still be quite

1162
00:44:48,069 --> 00:44:46,000
hazardous the picture is less rosy so if

1163
00:44:49,349 --> 00:44:48,079
we have the next slide

1164
00:44:51,109 --> 00:44:49,359
what we've been able to do is come up

1165
00:44:53,190 --> 00:44:51,119
with a new estimate of the numbers of

1166
00:44:54,790 --> 00:44:53,200
near-earth objects and in the top row

1167
00:44:57,030 --> 00:44:54,800
there are the filled in asteroids the

1168
00:44:58,950 --> 00:44:57,040
brown ones uh that represents the

1169
00:45:01,030 --> 00:44:58,960
world's knowledge of the population to

1170
00:45:02,790 --> 00:45:01,040
date how many have been discovered and

1171
00:45:04,630 --> 00:45:02,800
you can see at the one kilometer size

1172
00:45:07,109 --> 00:45:04,640
range most of these have been discovered

1173
00:45:08,950 --> 00:45:07,119
but at smaller sizes fewer and fewer

1174
00:45:11,190 --> 00:45:08,960
have been found and many more remain to

1175
00:45:12,710 --> 00:45:11,200
be found what we found with neowise was

1176
00:45:14,870 --> 00:45:12,720
actually quite surprising there are

1177
00:45:16,870 --> 00:45:14,880
somewhat fewer than we expected

1178
00:45:18,630 --> 00:45:16,880
so that's good news probably for the

1179
00:45:20,710 --> 00:45:18,640
hazard although we still have to focus

1180
00:45:22,390 --> 00:45:20,720
in on the calculations for the asteroids

1181
00:45:24,309 --> 00:45:22,400
that are actually most likely to get

1182
00:45:26,150 --> 00:45:24,319
close to the earth in the near term

1183
00:45:28,470 --> 00:45:26,160
so the blue circles represent the old

1184
00:45:30,550 --> 00:45:28,480
population estimate the green ones are

1185
00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:30,560
our new estimate with neowise

1186
00:45:35,430 --> 00:45:32,960
and we can have the last slide there

1187
00:45:37,109 --> 00:45:35,440
and this is our new estimate of what the

1188
00:45:39,109 --> 00:45:37,119
asteroid population looks like let's see

1189
00:45:40,790 --> 00:45:39,119
if we've got any joy on that movie okay

1190
00:45:42,550 --> 00:45:40,800
good right so you can see lots of

1191
00:45:44,470 --> 00:45:42,560
swirling red dots and these are a

1192
00:45:46,950 --> 00:45:44,480
simulated population of near-earth

1193
00:45:48,309 --> 00:45:46,960
objects that we think are out there

1194
00:45:49,990 --> 00:45:48,319
these little white and blue dots

1195
00:45:52,710 --> 00:45:50,000
represent the sample that we observed

1196
00:45:54,390 --> 00:45:52,720
with neowise that we actually detected

1197
00:45:56,950 --> 00:45:54,400
and this is what we used to make the

1198
00:45:58,790 --> 00:45:56,960
extrapolation to the whole population

1199
00:46:00,790 --> 00:45:58,800
and so now you can get an estimate there

1200
00:46:02,630 --> 00:46:00,800
of what the old model looked like and

1201
00:46:05,109 --> 00:46:02,640
you can see the new model on the other

1202
00:46:06,870 --> 00:46:05,119
side there so somewhat fewer but still

1203
00:46:07,829 --> 00:46:06,880
lots out there and lots remaining to be

1204
00:46:09,589 --> 00:46:07,839
found

1205
00:46:11,910 --> 00:46:09,599
obviously because this is an area that

1206
00:46:14,230 --> 00:46:11,920
science fiction and films love to

1207
00:46:16,230 --> 00:46:14,240
undertake you must have a sensibility

1208
00:46:19,109 --> 00:46:16,240
not only of how well they do the science

1209
00:46:21,670 --> 00:46:19,119
but how the women look in the sciences

1210
00:46:24,309 --> 00:46:21,680
whether it's lieutenant uhura for

1211
00:46:26,069 --> 00:46:24,319
example or the character in galaxy quest

1212
00:46:27,990 --> 00:46:26,079
that sigourney weaver played or jody

1213
00:46:29,670 --> 00:46:28,000
foster how do you assess those two

1214
00:46:32,390 --> 00:46:29,680
things both the quality of the science

1215
00:46:33,670 --> 00:46:32,400
in in t in fiction science fiction and

1216
00:46:35,589 --> 00:46:33,680
the way women are portrayed in the

1217
00:46:37,510 --> 00:46:35,599
science sure sure well so one of the

1218
00:46:39,670 --> 00:46:37,520
things that hollywood often gets wrong

1219
00:46:41,190 --> 00:46:39,680
about asteroids is that uh starting with

1220
00:46:42,550 --> 00:46:41,200
the empire strikes back which i love

1221
00:46:44,790 --> 00:46:42,560
it's a great movie

1222
00:46:46,710 --> 00:46:44,800
it's just that you very rarely would see

1223
00:46:48,390 --> 00:46:46,720
resolved asteroids in the asteroid belt

1224
00:46:50,230 --> 00:46:48,400
they would look like dots

1225
00:46:51,990 --> 00:46:50,240
so the whole cool scene of zooming

1226
00:46:54,069 --> 00:46:52,000
around through the asteroids that that

1227
00:46:55,910 --> 00:46:54,079
really wouldn't happen unfortunately

1228
00:46:57,510 --> 00:46:55,920
they'd be dots you'd be it'd be but it'd

1229
00:46:59,270 --> 00:46:57,520
be so much less exciting for a movie i

1230
00:47:01,109 --> 00:46:59,280
supposed to be zooming around whoa

1231
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:01,119
there's a dot way over there you know

1232
00:47:03,990 --> 00:47:02,640
that wouldn't be so good uh and the

1233
00:47:06,150 --> 00:47:04,000
other thing that i think hollywood gets

1234
00:47:07,589 --> 00:47:06,160
wrong is that uh there just aren't very

1235
00:47:10,230 --> 00:47:07,599
many women

1236
00:47:11,670 --> 00:47:10,240
in leadership roles in science fiction

1237
00:47:13,190 --> 00:47:11,680
in representations i actually used to

1238
00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:13,200
read a lot of science fiction and i

1239
00:47:17,270 --> 00:47:15,200
still do but i have to admit it was a

1240
00:47:18,069 --> 00:47:17,280
real downer that some of the stories

1241
00:47:19,829 --> 00:47:18,079
were

1242
00:47:21,589 --> 00:47:19,839
just i didn't identify with many of the

1243
00:47:23,510 --> 00:47:21,599
characters or if i did they were they

1244
00:47:25,109 --> 00:47:23,520
were not women and the men wear loose

1245
00:47:26,950 --> 00:47:25,119
clothes and the women always wear really

1246
00:47:28,870 --> 00:47:26,960
tight yeah that's the other thing about

1247
00:47:30,309 --> 00:47:28,880
science is that what it's really like

1248
00:47:32,470 --> 00:47:30,319
science in the movies everybody looks

1249
00:47:34,470 --> 00:47:32,480
very glamorous science in real life i

1250
00:47:36,230 --> 00:47:34,480
wear sweatpants and i program with my

1251
00:47:37,109 --> 00:47:36,240
glasses on and my hair a mess and you

1252
00:47:38,870 --> 00:47:37,119
know

1253
00:47:40,150 --> 00:47:38,880
that's more real we'll make that movie

1254
00:47:47,910 --> 00:47:40,160
one of these yeah

1255
00:47:51,670 --> 00:47:49,829
carol raymond's also here at jpl

1256
00:47:53,510 --> 00:47:51,680
principal scientist and deputy principal

1257
00:47:55,750 --> 00:47:53,520
investigator for the dawn mission to the

1258
00:47:57,190 --> 00:47:55,760
asteroid belt specifically vesta in

1259
00:47:59,990 --> 00:47:57,200
series she's also figuring out the

1260
00:48:02,470 --> 00:48:00,000
nature of crustal magnetism on mars and

1261
00:48:03,910 --> 00:48:02,480
here she is attracting her own audience

1262
00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:03,920
thank you pat

1263
00:48:07,990 --> 00:48:05,760
well i'm really delighted to to be here

1264
00:48:09,030 --> 00:48:08,000
today to tell you a bit about dawn and

1265
00:48:10,069 --> 00:48:09,040
um

1266
00:48:12,309 --> 00:48:10,079
i'd like to start with a couple

1267
00:48:14,309 --> 00:48:12,319
anecdotes while i have my title side up

1268
00:48:16,309 --> 00:48:14,319
here when i was a graduate student at

1269
00:48:18,710 --> 00:48:16,319
columbia university

1270
00:48:22,150 --> 00:48:18,720
i was as a freshman graduate student

1271
00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:22,160
invited to organize the journal club and

1272
00:48:27,109 --> 00:48:25,200
so myself and one of my female

1273
00:48:29,589 --> 00:48:27,119
colleagues

1274
00:48:31,349 --> 00:48:29,599
who was recently elected an agu fellow

1275
00:48:32,470 --> 00:48:31,359
decided that we would

1276
00:48:35,430 --> 00:48:32,480
invite

1277
00:48:37,990 --> 00:48:35,440
50 women and 50 men

1278
00:48:39,910 --> 00:48:38,000
to speak at our friday seminar

1279
00:48:42,390 --> 00:48:39,920
so we went around to the various

1280
00:48:44,950 --> 00:48:42,400
professors and asked them for

1281
00:48:46,630 --> 00:48:44,960
ideas of who we should invite and we

1282
00:48:48,870 --> 00:48:46,640
received a lot of resistance to this

1283
00:48:49,910 --> 00:48:48,880
idea because there just weren't

1284
00:48:52,549 --> 00:48:49,920
that many

1285
00:48:54,069 --> 00:48:52,559
uh qualified women out there to fill up

1286
00:48:56,390 --> 00:48:54,079
our seminar schedule

1287
00:48:58,710 --> 00:48:56,400
but undeterred we we went forward and

1288
00:49:02,390 --> 00:48:58,720
and we did manage to uh bring a few

1289
00:49:05,190 --> 00:49:02,400
women to speak um during that semester

1290
00:49:06,230 --> 00:49:05,200
a few years later i was privileged to be

1291
00:49:08,230 --> 00:49:06,240
there when

1292
00:49:10,549 --> 00:49:08,240
a very dynamic

1293
00:49:13,990 --> 00:49:10,559
recent graduate from brown came to speak

1294
00:49:16,950 --> 00:49:14,000
to us and she's sitting to my right here

1295
00:49:19,270 --> 00:49:16,960
and and i found maria to be just a

1296
00:49:21,510 --> 00:49:19,280
wonderful role model and such an

1297
00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:21,520
accomplished scientist and i said

1298
00:49:25,990 --> 00:49:23,040
i know we were right

1299
00:49:28,470 --> 00:49:26,000
they are out there and we have to all

1300
00:49:32,069 --> 00:49:28,480
you know keep our eyes open and and

1301
00:49:33,670 --> 00:49:32,079
and and help dispel the myths that um

1302
00:49:35,910 --> 00:49:33,680
you know that women just aren't

1303
00:49:37,910 --> 00:49:35,920
contributing or haven't

1304
00:49:40,069 --> 00:49:37,920
reached the level of qualification of

1305
00:49:42,390 --> 00:49:40,079
our male colleagues

1306
00:49:44,309 --> 00:49:42,400
so um through my career i certainly kept

1307
00:49:46,309 --> 00:49:44,319
that in mind i've had the privilege of

1308
00:49:48,790 --> 00:49:46,319
working with just an amazing

1309
00:49:50,790 --> 00:49:48,800
group of scientists many of them women

1310
00:49:52,710 --> 00:49:50,800
so i'll point out that today that i'm

1311
00:49:54,950 --> 00:49:52,720
working with one of margie's colleagues

1312
00:49:56,790 --> 00:49:54,960
at ucla chris russell who is the

1313
00:49:58,390 --> 00:49:56,800
principal investigator of this mission

1314
00:50:00,950 --> 00:49:58,400
and he's been one of the

1315
00:50:02,790 --> 00:50:00,960
strongest champions for women in science

1316
00:50:05,430 --> 00:50:02,800
that i've ever come across

1317
00:50:07,670 --> 00:50:05,440
in the entire community of space science

1318
00:50:09,030 --> 00:50:07,680
so kudos to chris and one of his

1319
00:50:10,150 --> 00:50:09,040
graduate students is in the audience

1320
00:50:12,390 --> 00:50:10,160
today

1321
00:50:13,910 --> 00:50:12,400
who i am working with as well

1322
00:50:14,790 --> 00:50:13,920
so one more point before i get off this

1323
00:50:16,309 --> 00:50:14,800
slide

1324
00:50:19,349 --> 00:50:16,319
this mission is an international

1325
00:50:22,069 --> 00:50:19,359
collaboration um we have instruments and

1326
00:50:25,190 --> 00:50:22,079
uh scientists from italy and germany who

1327
00:50:28,150 --> 00:50:25,200
are uh intimately integrally uh involved

1328
00:50:29,589 --> 00:50:28,160
in the mission and the italian team in

1329
00:50:33,270 --> 00:50:29,599
particular

1330
00:50:34,630 --> 00:50:33,280
is led by a woman and her deputy is a

1331
00:50:37,750 --> 00:50:34,640
woman

1332
00:50:40,150 --> 00:50:37,760
and they have produced a amazing

1333
00:50:42,390 --> 00:50:40,160
spectrometer instrument

1334
00:50:44,549 --> 00:50:42,400
there are many other women on the team

1335
00:50:46,790 --> 00:50:44,559
as well and the reason is that the

1336
00:50:49,910 --> 00:50:46,800
italian government

1337
00:50:52,150 --> 00:50:49,920
invested in a proactive approach many

1338
00:50:53,670 --> 00:50:52,160
years ago to bring women into science

1339
00:50:54,390 --> 00:50:53,680
they really made an effort to attract

1340
00:50:58,950 --> 00:50:54,400
them

1341
00:51:01,109 --> 00:50:58,960
need and the the results are nothing

1342
00:51:02,790 --> 00:51:01,119
less than amazing um

1343
00:51:05,910 --> 00:51:02,800
amazing group of people

1344
00:51:08,470 --> 00:51:05,920
so now i'll turn to the amazing mission

1345
00:51:10,390 --> 00:51:08,480
that i've been working on

1346
00:51:13,589 --> 00:51:10,400
the dawn mission which is a launch in

1347
00:51:15,589 --> 00:51:13,599
2007 it's uh in the asteroid belt

1348
00:51:18,470 --> 00:51:15,599
in orbit around vesta

1349
00:51:20,710 --> 00:51:18,480
um its targets vest and ceres are really

1350
00:51:22,630 --> 00:51:20,720
special places because um in the

1351
00:51:24,710 --> 00:51:22,640
asteroid belt which amy has already

1352
00:51:26,549 --> 00:51:24,720
given a good introduction to the main

1353
00:51:28,870 --> 00:51:26,559
asteroid belt has over a half a million

1354
00:51:29,910 --> 00:51:28,880
objects in it probably upwards of a

1355
00:51:32,390 --> 00:51:29,920
million

1356
00:51:35,030 --> 00:51:32,400
and uh these are the fragments left over

1357
00:51:37,589 --> 00:51:35,040
from the planet building process

1358
00:51:39,589 --> 00:51:37,599
vesta and ceres comprise about 40 of the

1359
00:51:41,750 --> 00:51:39,599
mass of the belt so these two objects

1360
00:51:43,670 --> 00:51:41,760
are obviously very special we call them

1361
00:51:45,750 --> 00:51:43,680
protoplanets they're remnants of the

1362
00:51:47,910 --> 00:51:45,760
planet building process

1363
00:51:49,670 --> 00:51:47,920
equally as special as our spacecraft

1364
00:51:50,710 --> 00:51:49,680
because it also launched on a very small

1365
00:51:51,910 --> 00:51:50,720
rocket

1366
00:51:54,470 --> 00:51:51,920
it's the first

1367
00:51:56,069 --> 00:51:54,480
spacecraft ever to go into orbit about

1368
00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:56,079
an object in the main belt it's the

1369
00:51:59,829 --> 00:51:57,760
first spacecraft that will ever orbit

1370
00:52:02,150 --> 00:51:59,839
one object leave it and then go into

1371
00:52:04,230 --> 00:52:02,160
orbit around another object and it'll be

1372
00:52:07,829 --> 00:52:04,240
the first to visit a dwarf planet which

1373
00:52:09,829 --> 00:52:07,839
series was named recently

1374
00:52:11,109 --> 00:52:09,839
so let's uh get an idea of what these

1375
00:52:12,309 --> 00:52:11,119
things look like and why they're so

1376
00:52:14,710 --> 00:52:12,319
special

1377
00:52:16,150 --> 00:52:14,720
i've given you pictures of s in series

1378
00:52:19,349 --> 00:52:16,160
next to some objects you're familiar

1379
00:52:21,510 --> 00:52:19,359
with pluto the sibling dwarf planet to

1380
00:52:23,589 --> 00:52:21,520
series and the earth's moon

1381
00:52:26,309 --> 00:52:23,599
you also see pictures of two asteroids

1382
00:52:28,230 --> 00:52:26,319
that have been visited by spacecraft

1383
00:52:29,990 --> 00:52:28,240
which are considered large but as you

1384
00:52:32,790 --> 00:52:30,000
can see they're very tiny compared to

1385
00:52:36,870 --> 00:52:32,800
vesta and series these are really

1386
00:52:38,309 --> 00:52:36,880
small planets not just asteroids

1387
00:52:41,190 --> 00:52:38,319
so vesta

1388
00:52:43,670 --> 00:52:41,200
is a tiny planet that formed just after

1389
00:52:45,589 --> 00:52:43,680
the birth of our sun it's actually quite

1390
00:52:47,750 --> 00:52:45,599
similar to the moon it's dry it's rocky

1391
00:52:49,750 --> 00:52:47,760
it has an iron core

1392
00:52:52,230 --> 00:52:49,760
and it's been around for four and a half

1393
00:52:54,870 --> 00:52:52,240
billion years recording the history of

1394
00:52:58,470 --> 00:52:54,880
the solar system its surface is telling

1395
00:53:01,030 --> 00:52:58,480
us about the intense dynamic bombardment

1396
00:53:03,190 --> 00:53:01,040
that it has experienced over time and

1397
00:53:05,510 --> 00:53:03,200
one of the really interesting things

1398
00:53:07,109 --> 00:53:05,520
about vesta is that many of the

1399
00:53:09,510 --> 00:53:07,119
meteorites that fall to the earth in

1400
00:53:11,270 --> 00:53:09,520
fact five percent come from vesta it's a

1401
00:53:13,829 --> 00:53:11,280
special class of meteorites called the

1402
00:53:15,430 --> 00:53:13,839
heds and in fact more we have more

1403
00:53:17,349 --> 00:53:15,440
meteorites from vesta than we have from

1404
00:53:19,430 --> 00:53:17,359
the moon and mars combined

1405
00:53:21,990 --> 00:53:19,440
so uh we already know a lot about vesta

1406
00:53:24,950 --> 00:53:22,000
and we want to know um where what this

1407
00:53:29,030 --> 00:53:24,960
body is is able to tell us in concert

1408
00:53:30,470 --> 00:53:29,040
with those rocks about um the intense

1409
00:53:32,870 --> 00:53:30,480
dynamic environment the physical

1410
00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:32,880
processes the chemical gradients that

1411
00:53:38,309 --> 00:53:34,880
were present at the beginning and that

1412
00:53:39,510 --> 00:53:38,319
influenced the planet building process

1413
00:53:41,190 --> 00:53:39,520
another

1414
00:53:43,270 --> 00:53:41,200
amazing thing about these two bodies is

1415
00:53:46,549 --> 00:53:43,280
that they're there at all

1416
00:53:48,549 --> 00:53:46,559
that they have survived this intense

1417
00:53:50,390 --> 00:53:48,559
dynamic environment for four and a half

1418
00:53:51,990 --> 00:53:50,400
billion years and they're there to tell

1419
00:53:53,829 --> 00:53:52,000
us the story

1420
00:53:55,349 --> 00:53:53,839
so uh ceres is quite different than

1421
00:53:57,829 --> 00:53:55,359
vesta

1422
00:54:01,510 --> 00:53:57,839
it is not dry it's very wet

1423
00:54:03,670 --> 00:54:01,520
it has a rocky core which is silicate it

1424
00:54:05,750 --> 00:54:03,680
has some silicate which has more water

1425
00:54:07,349 --> 00:54:05,760
in it on the outside and then at the at

1426
00:54:09,349 --> 00:54:07,359
the outer

1427
00:54:10,630 --> 00:54:09,359
edge it's got an ice shell

1428
00:54:13,990 --> 00:54:10,640
and underneath that eye shell there

1429
00:54:18,470 --> 00:54:15,910
so so ceres has

1430
00:54:20,790 --> 00:54:18,480
retained water and gases like

1431
00:54:22,390 --> 00:54:20,800
carbon dioxide and methane over solar

1432
00:54:24,549 --> 00:54:22,400
system history

1433
00:54:26,309 --> 00:54:24,559
its surface chemistry is expected to be

1434
00:54:27,349 --> 00:54:26,319
very interesting because it's got a warm

1435
00:54:30,230 --> 00:54:27,359
surface

1436
00:54:31,430 --> 00:54:30,240
um and in fact it shows some specific

1437
00:54:33,829 --> 00:54:31,440
minerals that are associated with

1438
00:54:35,109 --> 00:54:33,839
hydrothermal vents on the earth and that

1439
00:54:37,270 --> 00:54:35,119
have only been

1440
00:54:40,470 --> 00:54:37,280
uh recognized on the earth in mars and

1441
00:54:42,390 --> 00:54:40,480
ceres so when we get to series in 2015

1442
00:54:45,270 --> 00:54:42,400
we know we're going to find some really

1443
00:54:47,829 --> 00:54:45,280
interesting things

1444
00:54:50,150 --> 00:54:47,839
so next i'll show you a short tour of

1445
00:54:51,510 --> 00:54:50,160
vesta and then i'm going to give you a

1446
00:54:53,430 --> 00:54:51,520
little more

1447
00:54:55,589 --> 00:54:53,440
information on a couple of special

1448
00:54:57,829 --> 00:54:55,599
places

1449
00:55:00,470 --> 00:54:57,839
and the first thing we're going to see

1450
00:55:06,150 --> 00:55:03,510
if my movie will play

1451
00:55:08,150 --> 00:55:06,160
okay i don't think my movie is going to

1452
00:55:09,829 --> 00:55:08,160
play yes it is okay so the first thing

1453
00:55:12,390 --> 00:55:09,839
we're going to see is uh these the

1454
00:55:14,790 --> 00:55:12,400
vessels rotating on saxis we have some

1455
00:55:16,150 --> 00:55:14,800
deep troughs around the equator

1456
00:55:17,109 --> 00:55:16,160
then we're going to look at the south

1457
00:55:19,109 --> 00:55:17,119
pole

1458
00:55:20,710 --> 00:55:19,119
and we're going to see that the south

1459
00:55:23,030 --> 00:55:20,720
pole has some very

1460
00:55:24,150 --> 00:55:23,040
chaotic topography with a lot of ripples

1461
00:55:26,230 --> 00:55:24,160
in it

1462
00:55:27,829 --> 00:55:26,240
and this is the area of a very large

1463
00:55:30,150 --> 00:55:27,839
impact basin which you'll see in an

1464
00:55:31,990 --> 00:55:30,160
upcoming slide

1465
00:55:34,230 --> 00:55:32,000
the surface of vestas

1466
00:55:35,670 --> 00:55:34,240
is quite smooth and younger looking at

1467
00:55:36,710 --> 00:55:35,680
the south where this large impact

1468
00:55:39,109 --> 00:55:36,720
occurred

1469
00:55:40,870 --> 00:55:39,119
whereas the north shows many more

1470
00:55:44,069 --> 00:55:40,880
craters

1471
00:55:46,870 --> 00:55:44,079
an older surface and if we this this is

1472
00:55:49,589 --> 00:55:46,880
a flyover showing you

1473
00:55:50,309 --> 00:55:49,599
the topography in that south polar basin

1474
00:55:53,270 --> 00:55:50,319
um

1475
00:55:54,870 --> 00:55:53,280
coming up over a central mountain which

1476
00:55:55,910 --> 00:55:54,880
is one of the highest in the solar

1477
00:55:58,789 --> 00:55:55,920
system

1478
00:56:00,870 --> 00:55:58,799
um here we're looking down into a crater

1479
00:56:02,710 --> 00:56:00,880
we call marcia and you'll see that

1480
00:56:05,109 --> 00:56:02,720
coming up in a little bit

1481
00:56:07,190 --> 00:56:05,119
in the north of vesta

1482
00:56:09,910 --> 00:56:07,200
and then i'm going to cut from the movie

1483
00:56:15,589 --> 00:56:12,150
excuse me in the interest of time

1484
00:56:20,309 --> 00:56:17,430
a little more detail

1485
00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:20,319
so this is the uh the large impact basin

1486
00:56:27,670 --> 00:56:24,640
um it has a uh it's so large that it its

1487
00:56:30,230 --> 00:56:27,680
effects affected the entire asteroid and

1488
00:56:33,030 --> 00:56:30,240
those equatorial troughs that i showed

1489
00:56:35,270 --> 00:56:33,040
you earlier are actually associated with

1490
00:56:36,230 --> 00:56:35,280
that impact

1491
00:56:45,030 --> 00:56:36,240
the

1492
00:56:48,230 --> 00:56:45,040
it rivals olympus mons on mars it's a

1493
00:56:51,270 --> 00:56:48,240
very unusual uh feature and we generally

1494
00:56:53,190 --> 00:56:51,280
see extremely steep slopes on vesta

1495
00:56:55,349 --> 00:56:53,200
um in addition to the large ray sylvia

1496
00:56:58,549 --> 00:56:55,359
basin there's an underlying

1497
00:57:00,710 --> 00:56:58,559
second large basin so um it's it's clear

1498
00:57:03,430 --> 00:57:00,720
that these these um

1499
00:57:05,109 --> 00:57:03,440
these impacts have had a a very large

1500
00:57:08,309 --> 00:57:05,119
effect on the body

1501
00:57:10,870 --> 00:57:08,319
um and here is uh is vesta's party dress

1502
00:57:13,430 --> 00:57:10,880
this is showing you the spectral data

1503
00:57:15,030 --> 00:57:13,440
from our italian spectrometer

1504
00:57:17,030 --> 00:57:15,040
draped across the surface and these

1505
00:57:19,349 --> 00:57:17,040
color variations are identifying

1506
00:57:22,549 --> 00:57:19,359
minerals which allow us to identify

1507
00:57:26,069 --> 00:57:22,559
rocks and give us the ability to do this

1508
00:57:27,990 --> 00:57:26,079
this tie back into the meteorites so

1509
00:57:29,990 --> 00:57:28,000
we we can

1510
00:57:31,349 --> 00:57:30,000
associate different parts of the surface

1511
00:57:33,670 --> 00:57:31,359
with the different rock types and we've

1512
00:57:35,670 --> 00:57:33,680
confirmed that these these rocks have

1513
00:57:38,710 --> 00:57:35,680
been liberated from vesta by this giant

1514
00:57:40,950 --> 00:57:38,720
impact at the south pole so now we have

1515
00:57:43,109 --> 00:57:40,960
a better basis in which to make

1516
00:57:45,030 --> 00:57:43,119
a geologic history of vesta and

1517
00:57:47,109 --> 00:57:45,040
understand its relation

1518
00:57:49,430 --> 00:57:47,119
to the solar system formation so i'm

1519
00:57:51,349 --> 00:57:49,440
going to leave you with this picture of

1520
00:57:53,030 --> 00:57:51,359
marsha crater this beautiful crater in

1521
00:58:00,789 --> 00:57:53,040
the north and

1522
00:58:04,230 --> 00:58:02,390
you mentioned how inspired you were by

1523
00:58:06,630 --> 00:58:04,240
maria's work i'm sure we're all going to

1524
00:58:09,990 --> 00:58:06,640
make this point but was there a mentor

1525
00:58:11,990 --> 00:58:10,000
or someone who and brought you along or

1526
00:58:15,510 --> 00:58:12,000
on the other hand maybe someone who said

1527
00:58:16,549 --> 00:58:15,520
nah science that's not for you gurley um

1528
00:58:21,349 --> 00:58:16,559
no

1529
00:58:23,990 --> 00:58:21,359
were many mentors along the way starting

1530
00:58:25,349 --> 00:58:24,000
in junior high school um i

1531
00:58:27,910 --> 00:58:25,359
you know people ask that question all

1532
00:58:29,589 --> 00:58:27,920
the time and and i i thought very hard

1533
00:58:31,510 --> 00:58:29,599
about it and i can't come up with a

1534
00:58:34,390 --> 00:58:31,520
single instance of

1535
00:58:36,230 --> 00:58:34,400
um anybody not encouraging me other than

1536
00:58:38,309 --> 00:58:36,240
once you get out in the in the world i

1537
00:58:40,230 --> 00:58:38,319
did a lot of work on ships and i can

1538
00:58:41,589 --> 00:58:40,240
tell you that's a pretty chauvinistic

1539
00:58:43,670 --> 00:58:41,599
environment to work in and there were

1540
00:58:45,829 --> 00:58:43,680
many men who told me things like you

1541
00:58:48,390 --> 00:58:45,839
know i should i should just smile and

1542
00:58:50,390 --> 00:58:48,400
use my feminine charms to get the men to

1543
00:58:52,549 --> 00:58:50,400
do the work for me

1544
00:58:54,950 --> 00:58:52,559
but that's not what i was there for so

1545
00:58:55,670 --> 00:58:54,960
um so yeah you hear things you ignore

1546
00:58:59,030 --> 00:58:55,680
them

1547
00:59:01,270 --> 00:58:59,040
um you develop a thick skin and just

1548
00:59:02,950 --> 00:59:01,280
keep your eye on what what your goals

1549
00:59:04,549 --> 00:59:02,960
are is that the best advice just kind of

1550
00:59:06,470 --> 00:59:04,559
ignore this stuff let it roll off your

1551
00:59:07,750 --> 00:59:06,480
backs why not

1552
00:59:09,990 --> 00:59:07,760
yeah

1553
00:59:11,589 --> 00:59:10,000
all right let's hear from fiona harrison

1554
00:59:14,150 --> 00:59:11,599
she teaches physics and astronomy at

1555
00:59:15,589 --> 00:59:14,160
caltech she's the pi on nustar it's part

1556
00:59:17,990 --> 00:59:15,599
of the program to build the first

1557
00:59:19,910 --> 00:59:18,000
on-orbit telescope tasked with finding

1558
00:59:21,589 --> 00:59:19,920
black holes and supernovas and all those

1559
00:59:23,829 --> 00:59:21,599
extreme galaxy events that we like

1560
00:59:25,750 --> 00:59:23,839
sounds like a reality show and like a

1561
00:59:28,789 --> 00:59:25,760
reality show she has taken leadership

1562
00:59:31,190 --> 00:59:28,799
roles in these great unknowns

1563
00:59:33,030 --> 00:59:31,200
okay so this is a picture of my second

1564
00:59:36,630 --> 00:59:33,040
child

1565
00:59:39,750 --> 00:59:36,640
five-year-old girl

1566
00:59:41,510 --> 00:59:39,760
and talk about you know what maria said

1567
00:59:43,109 --> 00:59:41,520
worrying about sending your kids off to

1568
00:59:45,109 --> 00:59:43,119
college well

1569
00:59:47,990 --> 00:59:45,119
my second child is

1570
00:59:49,990 --> 00:59:48,000
right now at vandenberg air force base

1571
00:59:53,990 --> 00:59:50,000
in a fairing we're about to put it under

1572
00:59:56,150 --> 00:59:54,000
the an aircraft fly it from kwajale from

1573
00:59:57,990 --> 00:59:56,160
vandenberg to kwajalein which is an

1574
00:59:59,829 --> 00:59:58,000
atoll in the south pacific

1575
01:00:02,870 --> 00:59:59,839
have the plane take off have the rocket

1576
01:00:05,190 --> 01:00:02,880
drop and five seconds later go up into

1577
01:00:06,390 --> 01:00:05,200
space working flawlessly

1578
01:00:07,910 --> 01:00:06,400
so

1579
01:00:10,150 --> 01:00:07,920
fingers crossed this is all going to

1580
01:00:10,870 --> 01:00:10,160
happen in about two weeks

1581
01:00:14,230 --> 01:00:10,880
so

1582
01:00:16,230 --> 01:00:14,240
doing

1583
01:00:19,510 --> 01:00:16,240
and the problem is

1584
01:00:23,750 --> 01:00:21,910
if nasa's behind then in our case you

1585
01:00:26,630 --> 01:00:23,760
know we do have a few issues making sure

1586
01:00:29,349 --> 01:00:26,640
the rocket's ready uh sadly you just

1587
01:00:31,750 --> 01:00:29,359
have to wait my project manager told me

1588
01:00:33,670 --> 01:00:31,760
on the way back from

1589
01:00:35,270 --> 01:00:33,680
nasa headquarters last night on the

1590
01:00:36,789 --> 01:00:35,280
plane he said well

1591
01:00:39,109 --> 01:00:36,799
space science

1592
01:00:40,150 --> 01:00:39,119
isn't for the impatient

1593
01:00:43,030 --> 01:00:40,160
but

1594
01:00:44,549 --> 01:00:43,040
it's a combination of frustration and

1595
01:00:47,030 --> 01:00:44,559
exhilaration

1596
01:00:49,589 --> 01:00:47,040
kind of like raising children but focus

1597
01:00:51,910 --> 01:00:49,599
on the exhilaration because being being

1598
01:00:54,630 --> 01:00:51,920
able to lead a mission and work with a

1599
01:00:55,829 --> 01:00:54,640
as mary said a smart team of people and

1600
01:00:58,950 --> 01:00:55,839
achieve something that's never been

1601
01:01:01,349 --> 01:00:58,960
achieved before that is a sense of

1602
01:01:02,069 --> 01:01:01,359
you know accomplishment and exhilaration

1603
01:01:03,829 --> 01:01:02,079
and

1604
01:01:07,030 --> 01:01:03,839
three weeks from now i

1605
01:01:08,950 --> 01:01:07,040
uh hope to be uh telling you

1606
01:01:10,950 --> 01:01:08,960
uh how everything worked but let me

1607
01:01:14,150 --> 01:01:10,960
first i what i really want to focus on

1608
01:01:15,910 --> 01:01:14,160
first is the exhilaration why

1609
01:01:17,750 --> 01:01:15,920
is it so great to be able to do

1610
01:01:20,069 --> 01:01:17,760
something new well nustar is going to

1611
01:01:21,750 --> 01:01:20,079
open a whole new window on the universe

1612
01:01:22,630 --> 01:01:21,760
it's going to be the first telescope

1613
01:01:25,510 --> 01:01:22,640
ever

1614
01:01:27,589 --> 01:01:25,520
that can take high sensitivity

1615
01:01:30,069 --> 01:01:27,599
images of the universe in the high

1616
01:01:32,789 --> 01:01:30,079
energy x-ray band and we conceived of

1617
01:01:36,150 --> 01:01:32,799
this in 1995 we had to develop new

1618
01:01:38,870 --> 01:01:36,160
technologies new optics detectors

1619
01:01:41,190 --> 01:01:38,880
to make this happen but in the end on a

1620
01:01:43,430 --> 01:01:41,200
small mission so this is small nasa's

1621
01:01:45,030 --> 01:01:43,440
smallest astrophysics platform we're

1622
01:01:46,069 --> 01:01:45,040
going to achieve something a hundred

1623
01:01:47,030 --> 01:01:46,079
times

1624
01:01:48,390 --> 01:01:47,040
uh

1625
01:01:50,549 --> 01:01:48,400
that can look a hundred times more

1626
01:01:52,549 --> 01:01:50,559
sensitively with ten times sharper

1627
01:01:55,349 --> 01:01:52,559
images than anything that's that's ever

1628
01:01:58,950 --> 01:01:55,359
been flown so we go to the next

1629
01:02:01,670 --> 01:01:58,960
uh view graph so why do we want to open

1630
01:02:03,190 --> 01:02:01,680
uh the universe to high energy x-ray

1631
01:02:04,390 --> 01:02:03,200
exploration

1632
01:02:06,630 --> 01:02:04,400
well x-rays are part of the

1633
01:02:08,150 --> 01:02:06,640
electromagnetic spectrum just like the

1634
01:02:10,549 --> 01:02:08,160
infrared light that

1635
01:02:12,710 --> 01:02:10,559
amy talked about

1636
01:02:14,470 --> 01:02:12,720
and radio waves and optical but the

1637
01:02:17,270 --> 01:02:14,480
thing about x-rays is they're emitted

1638
01:02:19,109 --> 01:02:17,280
from objects that are 10 000 times

1639
01:02:20,549 --> 01:02:19,119
hotter than our sun from regions where

1640
01:02:22,710 --> 01:02:20,559
particles are moving

1641
01:02:24,470 --> 01:02:22,720
close to the speed of light and the

1642
01:02:26,549 --> 01:02:24,480
other thing about the high energy x-ray

1643
01:02:29,109 --> 01:02:26,559
band nasa has built telescopes in the

1644
01:02:31,190 --> 01:02:29,119
low energy x-ray band by going to higher

1645
01:02:33,829 --> 01:02:31,200
energy x-rays these are the same

1646
01:02:36,630 --> 01:02:33,839
energy x-rays that are used in baggage

1647
01:02:38,309 --> 01:02:36,640
scanners and

1648
01:02:42,549 --> 01:02:38,319
in in medical x-rays because they're

1649
01:02:46,710 --> 01:02:44,470
rather than just being exotic things and

1650
01:02:48,789 --> 01:02:46,720
they are exotic and we want to study

1651
01:02:50,630 --> 01:02:48,799
them for that reason they're also

1652
01:02:54,150 --> 01:02:50,640
building blocks of the universe it turns

1653
01:02:56,069 --> 01:02:54,160
out and so nustar is going to shed

1654
01:02:59,109 --> 01:02:56,079
a whole new light

1655
01:03:02,470 --> 01:02:59,119
on the question of how galaxies and

1656
01:03:04,230 --> 01:03:02,480
black holes uh form together

1657
01:03:06,630 --> 01:03:04,240
so i want to turn for a minute to

1658
01:03:10,069 --> 01:03:06,640
talking about the hardware

1659
01:03:11,589 --> 01:03:10,079
so this when i was a post-doc we

1660
01:03:13,750 --> 01:03:11,599
wanted to build a sensitive high energy

1661
01:03:16,950 --> 01:03:13,760
tech telescope but the technologies

1662
01:03:19,349 --> 01:03:16,960
didn't exist the optics the detectors

1663
01:03:21,510 --> 01:03:19,359
and i'm a person who has my own lab i go

1664
01:03:23,670 --> 01:03:21,520
down there i spend you know a lot of

1665
01:03:25,990 --> 01:03:23,680
time thinking about how to build things

1666
01:03:29,349 --> 01:03:26,000
and

1667
01:03:32,069 --> 01:03:29,359
it's been an amazing

1668
01:03:34,470 --> 01:03:32,079
effort to work with a lot of talented

1669
01:03:35,670 --> 01:03:34,480
people to figure out how to build these

1670
01:03:37,670 --> 01:03:35,680
new

1671
01:03:39,029 --> 01:03:37,680
optics and detectors and i'll tell you

1672
01:03:40,710 --> 01:03:39,039
when i was

1673
01:03:42,470 --> 01:03:40,720
a graduate student

1674
01:03:44,950 --> 01:03:42,480
i almost gave up

1675
01:03:47,670 --> 01:03:44,960
because i started to work on a balloon

1676
01:03:48,950 --> 01:03:47,680
experiment not this technology but but

1677
01:03:50,710 --> 01:03:48,960
related

1678
01:03:52,870 --> 01:03:50,720
and i was told my

1679
01:03:54,470 --> 01:03:52,880
by my advisor

1680
01:03:56,789 --> 01:03:54,480
he said well

1681
01:03:58,470 --> 01:03:56,799
there's a bunch of engineers over here

1682
01:03:59,510 --> 01:03:58,480
this group i want you to

1683
01:04:01,510 --> 01:03:59,520
go

1684
01:04:03,109 --> 01:04:01,520
you know tell them how to design the

1685
01:04:05,829 --> 01:04:03,119
system work with them

1686
01:04:08,549 --> 01:04:05,839
uh you know to get it to work and

1687
01:04:10,150 --> 01:04:08,559
i can tell you they didn't really like

1688
01:04:12,789 --> 01:04:10,160
a

1689
01:04:15,109 --> 01:04:12,799
uh

1690
01:04:16,309 --> 01:04:15,119
girl as they called me coming in and

1691
01:04:17,190 --> 01:04:16,319
telling them

1692
01:04:18,870 --> 01:04:17,200
uh

1693
01:04:22,309 --> 01:04:18,880
you know

1694
01:04:25,270 --> 01:04:22,319
we're gonna do things this way so

1695
01:04:27,029 --> 01:04:25,280
i figured very quickly the way to get

1696
01:04:29,510 --> 01:04:27,039
around this was

1697
01:04:31,750 --> 01:04:29,520
you know we're a team we work together

1698
01:04:32,470 --> 01:04:31,760
you know i listen to you you listen to

1699
01:04:34,470 --> 01:04:32,480
me

1700
01:04:35,430 --> 01:04:34,480
and just ignore the

1701
01:04:36,870 --> 01:04:35,440
the

1702
01:04:39,190 --> 01:04:36,880
you know

1703
01:04:40,789 --> 01:04:39,200
the comments and the and once you get

1704
01:04:42,870 --> 01:04:40,799
past that and you start working with

1705
01:04:44,870 --> 01:04:42,880
people on a personal level

1706
01:04:46,230 --> 01:04:44,880
right it really

1707
01:04:47,510 --> 01:04:46,240
uh

1708
01:04:49,510 --> 01:04:47,520
it really

1709
01:04:51,190 --> 01:04:49,520
doesn't make a difference anymore people

1710
01:04:53,510 --> 01:04:51,200
don't see you

1711
01:04:56,150 --> 01:04:53,520
as you know a young woman

1712
01:04:58,069 --> 01:04:56,160
they see you as a scientist and

1713
01:05:00,230 --> 01:04:58,079
eventually you know as a leader and

1714
01:05:01,829 --> 01:05:00,240
somebody they respect so

1715
01:05:04,549 --> 01:05:01,839
um

1716
01:05:06,150 --> 01:05:04,559
but it was don't give up because if you

1717
01:05:07,029 --> 01:05:06,160
can get past that

1718
01:05:09,190 --> 01:05:07,039
then

1719
01:05:11,589 --> 01:05:09,200
you know you have tremendous

1720
01:05:14,390 --> 01:05:11,599
opportunities ahead and here's the

1721
01:05:21,190 --> 01:05:17,750
that we realized on with my team which

1722
01:05:22,950 --> 01:05:21,200
is the spacecraft you can see two x-ray

1723
01:05:26,150 --> 01:05:22,960
telescopes that funny

1724
01:05:28,230 --> 01:05:26,160
uh cone-shaped thing is a star tracker

1725
01:05:29,589 --> 01:05:28,240
there's solar panels that have to unfold

1726
01:05:30,789 --> 01:05:29,599
after we launch

1727
01:05:32,230 --> 01:05:30,799
there it is

1728
01:05:34,470 --> 01:05:32,240
it's really beautiful just like your

1729
01:05:38,470 --> 01:05:34,480
kids they're always the cutest one in

1730
01:05:42,069 --> 01:05:39,750
so

1731
01:05:45,510 --> 01:05:42,079
the other thing that

1732
01:05:46,470 --> 01:05:45,520
my kid has to learn to do is extend

1733
01:05:51,829 --> 01:05:46,480
a

1734
01:05:54,069 --> 01:05:51,839
is

1735
01:05:56,630 --> 01:05:54,079
an animation because we're a small

1736
01:05:58,549 --> 01:05:56,640
mission and we x-ray telescopes require

1737
01:06:00,150 --> 01:05:58,559
a long distance between their optics and

1738
01:06:01,589 --> 01:06:00,160
their detectors

1739
01:06:04,150 --> 01:06:01,599
we

1740
01:06:05,589 --> 01:06:04,160
are the first mission to fly this novel

1741
01:06:07,750 --> 01:06:05,599
structure

1742
01:06:10,470 --> 01:06:07,760
on a telescope an astronomical telescope

1743
01:06:12,470 --> 01:06:10,480
which will unfold to be the size of a

1744
01:06:14,230 --> 01:06:12,480
school bus after we launch so this is

1745
01:06:15,029 --> 01:06:14,240
going to happen seven days after launch

1746
01:06:19,589 --> 01:06:15,039
so

1747
01:06:22,870 --> 01:06:19,599
i don't know

1748
01:06:24,470 --> 01:06:22,880
equivalent maybe to uh

1749
01:06:27,430 --> 01:06:24,480
you know sending your kid to walk to

1750
01:06:29,430 --> 01:06:27,440
school for the first time

1751
01:06:32,710 --> 01:06:29,440
so figures crossed

1752
01:06:34,470 --> 01:06:32,720
seven days after launch next so we'll

1753
01:06:36,390 --> 01:06:34,480
take three weeks from now we'll watch

1754
01:06:38,710 --> 01:06:36,400
that's right hopefully

1755
01:06:40,870 --> 01:06:38,720
hopefully

1756
01:06:42,549 --> 01:06:40,880
so after that point we'll take this

1757
01:06:44,309 --> 01:06:42,559
image of the

1758
01:06:47,190 --> 01:06:44,319
high energy universe

1759
01:06:48,870 --> 01:06:47,200
that's a glow of unresolved black holes

1760
01:06:51,510 --> 01:06:48,880
none of those are real point sources

1761
01:06:53,750 --> 01:06:51,520
it's just the glow of the sky and x-rays

1762
01:06:55,349 --> 01:06:53,760
made by the previous best high-energy

1763
01:06:57,029 --> 01:06:55,359
x-ray telescope and we're going to turn

1764
01:06:59,430 --> 01:06:57,039
it into

1765
01:07:04,549 --> 01:07:02,390
and that is the exhilaration that's a

1766
01:07:10,630 --> 01:07:04,559
better makeover than seventeen magazine

1767
01:07:10,640 --> 01:07:18,950
thank you so much fiona

1768
01:07:22,630 --> 01:07:20,789
we've got questions from the audience i

1769
01:07:24,950 --> 01:07:22,640
know but i also know that one of them is

1770
01:07:27,190 --> 01:07:24,960
going to be about advice for young women

1771
01:07:30,870 --> 01:07:27,200
going into the sciences good advice

1772
01:07:33,510 --> 01:07:30,880
and and advice about things not to do

1773
01:07:35,670 --> 01:07:33,520
we can learn from you

1774
01:07:37,430 --> 01:07:35,680
jump in

1775
01:07:40,950 --> 01:07:37,440
science and engineering are great

1776
01:07:43,190 --> 01:07:40,960
careers you should do them

1777
01:07:45,349 --> 01:07:43,200
it's a lot of fun it's hard work but

1778
01:07:47,190 --> 01:07:45,359
they're just so much fun i love i love

1779
01:07:49,190 --> 01:07:47,200
my job i couldn't imagine not being a

1780
01:07:51,349 --> 01:07:49,200
scientist

1781
01:07:52,230 --> 01:07:51,359
and and what what shouldn't you do what

1782
01:07:56,069 --> 01:07:52,240
are the

1783
01:07:57,430 --> 01:07:56,079
don't not do science know

1784
01:07:59,670 --> 01:07:57,440
mean don't be afraid it's it's a great

1785
01:08:01,349 --> 01:07:59,680
career it's absolutely fabulous

1786
01:08:02,950 --> 01:08:01,359
what what are some of the the dumb

1787
01:08:04,549 --> 01:08:02,960
questions and remarks you've heard on

1788
01:08:05,750 --> 01:08:04,559
the way to where you are now in your

1789
01:08:06,870 --> 01:08:05,760
career

1790
01:08:08,950 --> 01:08:06,880
you know there are a lot of little

1791
01:08:10,390 --> 01:08:08,960
things but i think a common theme is

1792
01:08:11,430 --> 01:08:10,400
keep your eyes on the prize

1793
01:08:13,430 --> 01:08:11,440
you know

1794
01:08:15,349 --> 01:08:13,440
just keep going if you get knocked down

1795
01:08:18,630 --> 01:08:15,359
get up if you get knocked down again get

1796
01:08:20,149 --> 01:08:18,640
up again you know and just keep going

1797
01:08:22,309 --> 01:08:20,159
the most important thing is is

1798
01:08:25,910 --> 01:08:22,319
determination really

1799
01:08:28,229 --> 01:08:25,920
i might say don't underestimate yourself

1800
01:08:30,709 --> 01:08:28,239
i think that that's something

1801
01:08:35,749 --> 01:08:33,349
is is easy to do when

1802
01:08:37,749 --> 01:08:35,759
people around you are more blustery than

1803
01:08:40,070 --> 01:08:37,759
you are

1804
01:08:44,470 --> 01:08:40,080
recognize that

1805
01:08:53,349 --> 01:08:45,669
be a

1806
01:08:56,550 --> 01:08:53,359
fine scientist and i think that that

1807
01:08:59,030 --> 01:08:56,560
personality trait is one that some women

1808
01:09:00,470 --> 01:08:59,040
have to overcome

1809
01:09:02,309 --> 01:09:00,480
the fact that you're all up here means

1810
01:09:04,709 --> 01:09:02,319
they're probably a lot more mentors than

1811
01:09:06,950 --> 01:09:04,719
there were 10 and 20 years ago

1812
01:09:08,870 --> 01:09:06,960
were mentors important to you and do you

1813
01:09:10,470 --> 01:09:08,880
find young women coming to you now or

1814
01:09:12,630 --> 01:09:10,480
even young men and saying

1815
01:09:14,709 --> 01:09:12,640
help me out

1816
01:09:17,110 --> 01:09:14,719
i think one of the um the things that a

1817
01:09:19,669 --> 01:09:17,120
lot of women worry about is the balance

1818
01:09:20,950 --> 01:09:19,679
between work and family i hear that over

1819
01:09:22,229 --> 01:09:20,960
and over again

1820
01:09:23,590 --> 01:09:22,239
and

1821
01:09:25,349 --> 01:09:23,600
interestingly

1822
01:09:27,749 --> 01:09:25,359
there's a trend that i've seen in some

1823
01:09:29,269 --> 01:09:27,759
of my colleagues whereby

1824
01:09:32,149 --> 01:09:29,279
couples will

1825
01:09:33,749 --> 01:09:32,159
take one position and split it

1826
01:09:35,749 --> 01:09:33,759
you know tenure track professorship for

1827
01:09:37,910 --> 01:09:35,759
instance and split it so they can raise

1828
01:09:40,870 --> 01:09:37,920
a family um

1829
01:09:42,950 --> 01:09:40,880
with with equality in the relationship

1830
01:09:44,870 --> 01:09:42,960
until such time as they're ready to um

1831
01:09:46,390 --> 01:09:44,880
you know to take on more so that's

1832
01:09:48,390 --> 01:09:46,400
that's one innovative way to deal with

1833
01:09:49,510 --> 01:09:48,400
it but i think the important message is

1834
01:09:54,149 --> 01:09:49,520
that

1835
01:09:56,630 --> 01:09:54,159
women can succeed to

1836
01:09:58,950 --> 01:09:56,640
positions of leadership while still

1837
01:10:01,270 --> 01:09:58,960
doing all the other things that

1838
01:10:04,229 --> 01:10:01,280
everybody wants to do and

1839
01:10:06,470 --> 01:10:04,239
it's it is possible so

1840
01:10:07,510 --> 01:10:06,480
that that i think is one thing that that

1841
01:10:08,550 --> 01:10:07,520
deters

1842
01:10:10,390 --> 01:10:08,560
women and

1843
01:10:12,709 --> 01:10:10,400
one thing that my sister

1844
01:10:13,750 --> 01:10:12,719
told me is very prevalent in the medical

1845
01:10:15,590 --> 01:10:13,760
field

1846
01:10:17,189 --> 01:10:15,600
more than half the women entering

1847
01:10:19,189 --> 01:10:17,199
medical more than half of the people

1848
01:10:22,149 --> 01:10:19,199
entering medical school are women

1849
01:10:24,630 --> 01:10:22,159
but only about a quarter

1850
01:10:26,790 --> 01:10:24,640
of the the doctors

1851
01:10:29,030 --> 01:10:26,800
are are women because they just they

1852
01:10:30,790 --> 01:10:29,040
drop out very quickly

1853
01:10:33,510 --> 01:10:30,800
because probably because of workload

1854
01:10:34,390 --> 01:10:33,520
issues and family issues and so forth so

1855
01:10:36,950 --> 01:10:34,400
um

1856
01:10:39,669 --> 01:10:36,960
there there is a way to to achieve this

1857
01:10:41,110 --> 01:10:39,679
balance um it's not impossible and in

1858
01:10:44,550 --> 01:10:41,120
fact um

1859
01:10:47,030 --> 01:10:44,560
i i think your your kids really get it

1860
01:10:49,110 --> 01:10:47,040
get something out of it um just to see

1861
01:10:50,310 --> 01:10:49,120
their you know their parents achieving

1862
01:10:53,110 --> 01:10:50,320
such things that's what i was going to

1863
01:10:56,229 --> 01:10:53,120
ask maria yeah so um so i have uh i have

1864
01:10:59,110 --> 01:10:56,239
uh two boys and um and

1865
01:11:01,510 --> 01:10:59,120
you know when they were when they were

1866
01:11:03,350 --> 01:11:01,520
growing up i sat down and i asked them

1867
01:11:04,630 --> 01:11:03,360
at one point and i said

1868
01:11:07,430 --> 01:11:04,640
would you

1869
01:11:08,470 --> 01:11:07,440
prefer that i stayed at home

1870
01:11:10,229 --> 01:11:08,480
um

1871
01:11:12,070 --> 01:11:10,239
rather than you know having this job

1872
01:11:14,229 --> 01:11:12,080
that i have where i'm always running

1873
01:11:16,950 --> 01:11:14,239
around like a crazy person

1874
01:11:18,229 --> 01:11:16,960
and and my uh you know one of the kids

1875
01:11:19,430 --> 01:11:18,239
looked at me and went

1876
01:11:21,669 --> 01:11:19,440
mom

1877
01:11:23,750 --> 01:11:21,679
you're the only woman you're the only

1878
01:11:27,990 --> 01:11:23,760
mother in the class who shoots lasers in

1879
01:11:32,550 --> 01:11:29,270
and um

1880
01:11:34,630 --> 01:11:32,560
so uh so it it wasn't an issue and and

1881
01:11:35,910 --> 01:11:34,640
in fact it was you know i mean for your

1882
01:11:36,790 --> 01:11:35,920
children

1883
01:11:38,550 --> 01:11:36,800
uh

1884
01:11:42,310 --> 01:11:38,560
you know you as a parent it's it's all

1885
01:11:46,550 --> 01:11:42,320
they know so so for my children um

1886
01:11:49,830 --> 01:11:46,560
it you know i was normal to them and um

1887
01:11:50,790 --> 01:11:49,840
and uh and but what i would say is that

1888
01:11:54,310 --> 01:11:50,800
um

1889
01:11:56,149 --> 01:11:54,320
that that as a as a scientist uh you

1890
01:11:58,149 --> 01:11:56,159
know you have some flexibility in your

1891
01:12:00,630 --> 01:11:58,159
schedule so um

1892
01:12:03,270 --> 01:12:00,640
so i actually um

1893
01:12:06,550 --> 01:12:03,280
you know i remember my my uh

1894
01:12:09,669 --> 01:12:06,560
my one of my sons was a very very uh is

1895
01:12:12,790 --> 01:12:09,679
a is still is a very gifted athlete and

1896
01:12:15,110 --> 01:12:12,800
when he was a a senior he was a you know

1897
01:12:17,270 --> 01:12:15,120
three sport athlete and i remember

1898
01:12:19,669 --> 01:12:17,280
during his uh soccer season they went to

1899
01:12:23,590 --> 01:12:19,679
the semi-finals of the states

1900
01:12:25,750 --> 01:12:23,600
and uh and i missed two games

1901
01:12:28,149 --> 01:12:25,760
over the entire course of the season

1902
01:12:30,310 --> 01:12:28,159
because i was able to um work my

1903
01:12:33,110 --> 01:12:30,320
schedule around and and i i come out

1904
01:12:34,630 --> 01:12:33,120
here every two weeks so um so i don't

1905
01:12:37,750 --> 01:12:34,640
even want to think about how many red

1906
01:12:40,070 --> 01:12:37,760
eyes i took home in those days but i

1907
01:12:41,910 --> 01:12:40,080
um you know there's a flexibility in

1908
01:12:43,270 --> 01:12:41,920
your schedule

1909
01:12:45,189 --> 01:12:43,280
sometimes when you're a science and

1910
01:12:46,229 --> 01:12:45,199
engineer when you say how do you balance

1911
01:12:47,750 --> 01:12:46,239
all this

1912
01:12:50,390 --> 01:12:47,760
stuff

1913
01:12:51,189 --> 01:12:50,400
well you know it can be done

1914
01:12:53,350 --> 01:12:51,199
um

1915
01:12:55,830 --> 01:12:53,360
in some cases a lot easier than you

1916
01:12:58,310 --> 01:12:55,840
would think and a lot easier in careers

1917
01:12:59,990 --> 01:12:58,320
that uh uh you know other careers where

1918
01:13:01,510 --> 01:13:00,000
you just have to be sitting at your desk

1919
01:13:03,510 --> 01:13:01,520
for eight hours you know and then the

1920
01:13:05,110 --> 01:13:03,520
nice thing about science and engineering

1921
01:13:07,430 --> 01:13:05,120
is uh

1922
01:13:09,430 --> 01:13:07,440
you know it's if you get your job done

1923
01:13:11,510 --> 01:13:09,440
and um and so sometimes there's some

1924
01:13:12,630 --> 01:13:11,520
play in that as well as long as you're

1925
01:13:14,070 --> 01:13:12,640
nobody's looking to see if you're

1926
01:13:16,390 --> 01:13:14,080
sitting at your desk people are looking

1927
01:13:19,430 --> 01:13:16,400
to see if your job is done plus you get

1928
01:13:21,590 --> 01:13:19,440
to shoot lasers into space

1929
01:13:23,110 --> 01:13:21,600
you know you have to be smart to get to

1930
01:13:24,950 --> 01:13:23,120
the position you're all occupied and the

1931
01:13:26,630 --> 01:13:24,960
saying is that women have to be thought

1932
01:13:28,310 --> 01:13:26,640
to be twice as smart to be thought half

1933
01:13:29,990 --> 01:13:28,320
as good but what are some of the other

1934
01:13:34,470 --> 01:13:30,000
qualities i've heard persistence what

1935
01:13:38,149 --> 01:13:36,070
margaret well i was going to make a

1936
01:13:39,510 --> 01:13:38,159
comment that's not quite an answer to

1937
01:13:40,470 --> 01:13:39,520
your

1938
01:13:41,590 --> 01:13:40,480
question

1939
01:13:42,709 --> 01:13:41,600
but

1940
01:13:58,070 --> 01:13:42,719
i

1941
01:14:01,430 --> 01:13:58,080
onto the program

1942
01:14:04,870 --> 01:14:01,440
it's going to make it very very hard to

1943
01:14:07,350 --> 01:14:04,880
achieve a successful career so make sure

1944
01:14:09,430 --> 01:14:07,360
that any partner you hook up with

1945
01:14:10,709 --> 01:14:09,440
believes in you the way you believe in

1946
01:14:11,669 --> 01:14:10,719
yourself

1947
01:14:13,669 --> 01:14:11,679
yeah

1948
01:14:14,630 --> 01:14:13,679
one of the things that uh you know one

1949
01:14:17,430 --> 01:14:14,640
of the

1950
01:14:19,510 --> 01:14:17,440
issues about

1951
01:14:20,390 --> 01:14:19,520
girls going into science and technology

1952
01:14:21,990 --> 01:14:20,400
is they

1953
01:14:23,510 --> 01:14:22,000
you know when they're when they're in

1954
01:14:25,669 --> 01:14:23,520
school when they're in the middle school

1955
01:14:27,189 --> 01:14:25,679
to high school ages and even college

1956
01:14:29,590 --> 01:14:27,199
they don't want to look smarter than the

1957
01:14:30,310 --> 01:14:29,600
guys okay because the guys won't date

1958
01:14:33,110 --> 01:14:30,320
them

1959
01:14:35,110 --> 01:14:33,120
and you know my advice is

1960
01:14:43,910 --> 01:14:35,120
you don't want to be hanging out with

1961
01:14:51,270 --> 01:14:47,830
find yourself a great guy who who is

1962
01:14:53,750 --> 01:14:51,280
smart and challenged uh you know pursue

1963
01:14:55,430 --> 01:14:53,760
your dreams and you don't want to go

1964
01:14:57,510 --> 01:14:55,440
through life

1965
01:14:59,430 --> 01:14:57,520
you know hanging out with somebody who

1966
01:15:01,990 --> 01:14:59,440
who doesn't have you know mutual respect

1967
01:15:03,430 --> 01:15:02,000
is like the most important thing

1968
01:15:04,790 --> 01:15:03,440
so um

1969
01:15:07,189 --> 01:15:04,800
so uh

1970
01:15:09,669 --> 01:15:07,199
i guess that's my advice

1971
01:15:11,669 --> 01:15:09,679
wow anybody else i have a 14 year old

1972
01:15:14,070 --> 01:15:11,679
daughter and that's exactly what i told

1973
01:15:17,350 --> 01:15:15,510
well i tell you when when they're young

1974
01:15:19,750 --> 01:15:17,360
it's a little harder because you have to

1975
01:15:20,870 --> 01:15:19,760
explain why mommy's going to washington

1976
01:15:23,510 --> 01:15:20,880
again

1977
01:15:25,510 --> 01:15:23,520
and you know why are you picking me up

1978
01:15:27,030 --> 01:15:25,520
but when i told her she could have a dog

1979
01:15:30,550 --> 01:15:27,040
after my project

1980
01:15:32,149 --> 01:15:30,560
the satellite launches she was happy

1981
01:15:33,750 --> 01:15:32,159
and i said and then i'll walk it with

1982
01:15:36,310 --> 01:15:33,760
you every day

1983
01:15:39,110 --> 01:15:36,320
a little together time too yeah but i

1984
01:15:41,590 --> 01:15:39,120
think persistence and for me i was

1985
01:15:43,830 --> 01:15:41,600
definitely underconfident

1986
01:15:45,590 --> 01:15:43,840
in high school and in college i

1987
01:15:46,470 --> 01:15:45,600
wasn't the kind of

1988
01:15:48,149 --> 01:15:46,480
you know

1989
01:15:49,590 --> 01:15:48,159
person who went into college saying i'm

1990
01:15:50,870 --> 01:15:49,600
going to be a physicist and the

1991
01:15:52,550 --> 01:15:50,880
scientist

1992
01:15:54,950 --> 01:15:52,560
you know i thought

1993
01:15:58,070 --> 01:15:54,960
about a lot of different possibilities

1994
01:15:59,990 --> 01:15:58,080
and i loved physics but i always you

1995
01:16:00,950 --> 01:16:00,000
know i always questioned

1996
01:16:02,950 --> 01:16:00,960
uh

1997
01:16:05,430 --> 01:16:02,960
did i do well on the test because i got

1998
01:16:07,110 --> 01:16:05,440
lucky they asked the questions you know

1999
01:16:08,470 --> 01:16:07,120
that i was looking for

2000
01:16:10,390 --> 01:16:08,480
i think both

2001
01:16:11,669 --> 01:16:10,400
men and women

2002
01:16:13,990 --> 01:16:11,679
but

2003
01:16:18,870 --> 01:16:14,000
probably more women tend to be

2004
01:16:23,510 --> 01:16:21,669
sure of themselves and

2005
01:16:25,830 --> 01:16:23,520
you know that was something for me that

2006
01:16:28,550 --> 01:16:25,840
i had to get over so i think developing

2007
01:16:30,070 --> 01:16:28,560
a sense of confidence developing

2008
01:16:32,950 --> 01:16:30,080
you know

2009
01:16:35,590 --> 01:16:32,960
still i teach physics one and most of

2010
01:16:36,470 --> 01:16:35,600
the questions from my class come from

2011
01:16:39,669 --> 01:16:36,480
the

2012
01:16:41,430 --> 01:16:39,679
though

2013
01:16:44,390 --> 01:16:41,440
you know they have

2014
01:16:47,189 --> 01:16:44,400
perfectly uh you know

2015
01:16:49,030 --> 01:16:47,199
good questions to ask will

2016
01:16:50,229 --> 01:16:49,040
hold back and think

2017
01:16:52,550 --> 01:16:50,239
i don't want to look

2018
01:16:53,590 --> 01:16:52,560
silly i don't want to you know expose

2019
01:16:55,510 --> 01:16:53,600
myself

2020
01:16:57,030 --> 01:16:55,520
whereas men you know they

2021
01:16:59,030 --> 01:16:57,040
really don't mind

2022
01:17:00,390 --> 01:16:59,040
so what have you seen

2023
01:17:01,910 --> 01:17:00,400
and what have you heard from students

2024
01:17:03,350 --> 01:17:01,920
that's going on in the classroom to

2025
01:17:05,830 --> 01:17:03,360
change

2026
01:17:06,870 --> 01:17:05,840
that yeah it's hard you know you want to

2027
01:17:09,030 --> 01:17:06,880
try to

2028
01:17:10,950 --> 01:17:09,040
develop an open

2029
01:17:13,030 --> 01:17:10,960
style so that students feel comfortable

2030
01:17:14,870 --> 01:17:13,040
but i do spend a lot of time

2031
01:17:17,030 --> 01:17:14,880
talking to my

2032
01:17:18,950 --> 01:17:17,040
women undergraduates and and students

2033
01:17:21,910 --> 01:17:18,960
who work for me and telling them look

2034
01:17:25,110 --> 01:17:21,920
practice go to a talk a talk and just

2035
01:17:27,030 --> 01:17:25,120
ask a question you know

2036
01:17:28,630 --> 01:17:27,040
just get used to

2037
01:17:29,990 --> 01:17:28,640
put you know putting yourself out there

2038
01:17:32,870 --> 01:17:30,000
because that's what all science is all

2039
01:17:35,189 --> 01:17:32,880
about exchanging ideas not being afraid

2040
01:17:36,870 --> 01:17:35,199
to say you know something that that may

2041
01:17:38,470 --> 01:17:36,880
not be right and

2042
01:17:41,430 --> 01:17:38,480
you know i think that that's definitely

2043
01:17:43,430 --> 01:17:41,440
something that um you have to get over

2044
01:17:45,270 --> 01:17:43,440
and now i don't you know i have no

2045
01:17:46,630 --> 01:17:45,280
qualms without saying raising your hand

2046
01:17:49,030 --> 01:17:46,640
and crossing hey i dreamed about this

2047
01:17:50,950 --> 01:17:49,040
benzene ring thing last night it could

2048
01:17:52,550 --> 01:17:50,960
work for everybody on that point about

2049
01:17:54,950 --> 01:17:52,560
questions go ahead i'm sorry so i want

2050
01:17:57,110 --> 01:17:54,960
to i wanted to follow up on that and

2051
01:17:58,870 --> 01:17:57,120
reiterate what maria started with about

2052
01:18:01,350 --> 01:17:58,880
how uh you know working with these

2053
01:18:03,910 --> 01:18:01,360
incredibly talented creative people

2054
01:18:05,590 --> 01:18:03,920
on these missions is is really what it's

2055
01:18:07,189 --> 01:18:05,600
all about and it's it's different than

2056
01:18:09,030 --> 01:18:07,199
what we think of when we're in high

2057
01:18:11,189 --> 01:18:09,040
school and we take physics and you know

2058
01:18:13,189 --> 01:18:11,199
we're doing problems and you think of a

2059
01:18:15,910 --> 01:18:13,199
physicist sitting in their office you

2060
01:18:17,030 --> 01:18:15,920
know with books and writing out formulas

2061
01:18:18,550 --> 01:18:17,040
and it couldn't be farther from the

2062
01:18:20,790 --> 01:18:18,560
truth what it's really like is being on

2063
01:18:22,310 --> 01:18:20,800
an elites sports team you know you're

2064
01:18:24,550 --> 01:18:22,320
out there you're competing you're

2065
01:18:27,350 --> 01:18:24,560
competing for money you're competing for

2066
01:18:29,990 --> 01:18:27,360
being the best you're working in a team

2067
01:18:31,669 --> 01:18:30,000
everybody's supporting each other and

2068
01:18:33,750 --> 01:18:31,679
and you're going after big things you

2069
01:18:36,950 --> 01:18:33,760
know and so it's it's it's so

2070
01:18:39,270 --> 01:18:36,960
interesting and it's so fulfilling and

2071
01:18:41,430 --> 01:18:39,280
it's so active that i think i think

2072
01:18:43,430 --> 01:18:41,440
that's what a lot of people don't really

2073
01:18:44,390 --> 01:18:43,440
recognize when they think about science

2074
01:18:46,790 --> 01:18:44,400
they kind of

2075
01:18:47,910 --> 01:18:46,800
have this view of it being a very static

2076
01:18:50,390 --> 01:18:47,920
and kind of

2077
01:18:51,270 --> 01:18:50,400
almost boring career but it's anything

2078
01:18:53,350 --> 01:18:51,280
but

2079
01:18:55,110 --> 01:18:53,360
so on the encouragement to ask questions

2080
01:18:56,950 --> 01:18:55,120
and speak up and not be afraid here we

2081
01:18:58,390 --> 01:18:56,960
are at jpl and i'm asking you to do

2082
01:19:00,470 --> 01:18:58,400
exactly that we have a couple people

2083
01:19:02,310 --> 01:19:00,480
with microphones raise your hand if

2084
01:19:04,229 --> 01:19:02,320
you've got a question we'd also like to

2085
01:19:06,950 --> 01:19:04,239
find out who you are and where you are

2086
01:19:10,070 --> 01:19:06,960
from so who've we got

2087
01:19:12,550 --> 01:19:10,080
come on you just heard this here

2088
01:19:13,750 --> 01:19:12,560
all right we have someone here yes

2089
01:19:16,470 --> 01:19:13,760
can you stand up and speak into the

2090
01:19:18,070 --> 01:19:16,480
microphone tell us who you are hi i'm

2091
01:19:19,990 --> 01:19:18,080
claire dickey i'm a sophomore

2092
01:19:21,110 --> 01:19:20,000
astrophysics major at pomona college in

2093
01:19:23,990 --> 01:19:21,120
claremont

2094
01:19:25,750 --> 01:19:24,000
and you all men talked about how you

2095
01:19:29,030 --> 01:19:25,760
often just ignored the fact that you

2096
01:19:30,470 --> 01:19:29,040
were the only woman in your class or

2097
01:19:32,550 --> 01:19:30,480
that these men didn't necessarily

2098
01:19:36,229 --> 01:19:32,560
respect you did you ever just turn

2099
01:19:38,229 --> 01:19:36,239
around and say no don't call me girl you

2100
01:19:39,189 --> 01:19:38,239
can't say these things or you guys need

2101
01:19:40,229 --> 01:19:39,199
to

2102
01:19:42,709 --> 01:19:40,239
bring more

2103
01:19:44,550 --> 01:19:42,719
women physics phds you need to have more

2104
01:19:46,229 --> 01:19:44,560
women speakers did you ever just turn

2105
01:19:47,430 --> 01:19:46,239
around and try and talk

2106
01:19:48,790 --> 01:19:47,440
to the administration or the people

2107
01:19:54,229 --> 01:19:48,800
around you and

2108
01:19:57,669 --> 01:19:55,590
margaret

2109
01:20:01,430 --> 01:19:57,679
i've been on more committees than i

2110
01:20:04,870 --> 01:20:01,440
would like to remember

2111
01:20:07,510 --> 01:20:04,880
and many of them were a committee on the

2112
01:20:09,350 --> 01:20:07,520
study of women in science committee on

2113
01:20:12,790 --> 01:20:09,360
the advancement of women that kind of

2114
01:20:16,790 --> 01:20:12,800
thing and i'd love to tell you the the

2115
01:20:20,310 --> 01:20:16,800
worst story that i encountered that got

2116
01:20:22,390 --> 01:20:20,320
changed as soon as we discovered it when

2117
01:20:24,950 --> 01:20:22,400
i was on the first committee on the

2118
01:20:26,709 --> 01:20:24,960
status of women at ucla

2119
01:20:28,149 --> 01:20:26,719
we discovered

2120
01:20:29,830 --> 01:20:28,159
the following

2121
01:20:31,270 --> 01:20:29,840
regulation

2122
01:20:33,110 --> 01:20:31,280
if a woman

2123
01:20:36,070 --> 01:20:33,120
was a resident of the state of

2124
01:20:39,590 --> 01:20:36,080
california and married a man from out of

2125
01:20:42,390 --> 01:20:39,600
state she lost her in-state status and

2126
01:20:45,350 --> 01:20:42,400
had to pay out-of-state tuition

2127
01:20:46,550 --> 01:20:45,360
if a man was a resident of the state of

2128
01:20:48,709 --> 01:20:46,560
california

2129
01:20:50,149 --> 01:20:48,719
and married a woman from out of the

2130
01:20:57,110 --> 01:20:50,159
state

2131
01:20:59,669 --> 01:20:57,120
that that regulation got changed before

2132
01:21:02,070 --> 01:20:59,679
we ever got the report

2133
01:21:04,870 --> 01:21:02,080
out onto the

2134
01:21:06,470 --> 01:21:04,880
you know distributed so yes i've been

2135
01:21:09,270 --> 01:21:06,480
involved

2136
01:21:11,910 --> 01:21:09,280
it's been a steady it's an important

2137
01:21:14,870 --> 01:21:11,920
thing to keep going

2138
01:21:18,310 --> 01:21:14,880
changes are always

2139
01:21:21,270 --> 01:21:18,320
needed but then things go back again and

2140
01:21:23,590 --> 01:21:21,280
you have to keep alert and it's really

2141
01:21:25,270 --> 01:21:23,600
important to think about the people who

2142
01:21:28,070 --> 01:21:25,280
are coming up

2143
01:21:29,350 --> 01:21:28,080
behind you and help them to it's a shame

2144
01:21:31,590 --> 01:21:29,360
you have to keep fighting rearguard

2145
01:21:34,709 --> 01:21:31,600
actions but there it is maria yeah well

2146
01:21:37,030 --> 01:21:34,719
at mit actually we've the the women

2147
01:21:39,350 --> 01:21:37,040
faculty there have been extremely uh

2148
01:21:42,229 --> 01:21:39,360
proactive and and i would just agree

2149
01:21:45,590 --> 01:21:42,239
with uh with what maggie said here about

2150
01:21:48,870 --> 01:21:45,600
constant vigilance okay so when i became

2151
01:21:52,629 --> 01:21:48,880
a department head i was uh i was head of

2152
01:21:55,430 --> 01:21:52,639
my department i made uh nine hires

2153
01:21:56,390 --> 01:21:55,440
uh seven of whom were women okay

2154
01:22:02,229 --> 01:21:56,400
and

2155
01:22:05,590 --> 01:22:02,239
that you just had to be very proactive

2156
01:22:08,950 --> 01:22:05,600
about getting women invited to give a

2157
01:22:11,590 --> 01:22:08,960
talk so once once somebody comes in

2158
01:22:13,830 --> 01:22:11,600
uh everyone will look at it and and you

2159
01:22:16,550 --> 01:22:13,840
will get evaluated by the quality of

2160
01:22:19,510 --> 01:22:16,560
your work but it's it's it was getting

2161
01:22:22,470 --> 01:22:19,520
over the hump of the invitation list

2162
01:22:24,470 --> 01:22:22,480
uh and um and so just being

2163
01:22:27,910 --> 01:22:24,480
you just have to be extremely proactive

2164
01:22:29,910 --> 01:22:27,920
about this because everybody wants

2165
01:22:31,030 --> 01:22:29,920
great scientists great engineers you

2166
01:22:33,990 --> 01:22:31,040
know you want to be you want to be

2167
01:22:34,790 --> 01:22:34,000
surrounded by outstanding colleagues but

2168
01:22:36,830 --> 01:22:34,800
um

2169
01:22:39,830 --> 01:22:36,840
but there's a tendency for people to

2170
01:22:43,350 --> 01:22:39,840
recommend their former student you know

2171
01:22:44,790 --> 01:22:43,360
their i mean and women tend not to be

2172
01:22:46,950 --> 01:22:44,800
out there

2173
01:22:49,110 --> 01:22:46,960
you know promoting being self-promoters

2174
01:22:50,149 --> 01:22:49,120
of themselves so so you really need to

2175
01:22:53,110 --> 01:22:50,159
go in and

2176
01:22:56,149 --> 01:22:53,120
read the papers and you know uh look at

2177
01:22:57,750 --> 01:22:56,159
things in more detail uh but but it

2178
01:22:59,750 --> 01:22:57,760
really is is proactive and you have to

2179
01:23:00,870 --> 01:22:59,760
be part of the solution i mean you can't

2180
01:23:02,950 --> 01:23:00,880
sit back

2181
01:23:04,790 --> 01:23:02,960
and assume that this is all going to get

2182
01:23:06,229 --> 01:23:04,800
taken care of or assume that your

2183
01:23:08,070 --> 01:23:06,239
qualities alone are going to advance

2184
01:23:09,910 --> 01:23:08,080
exactly in every profession you have an

2185
01:23:11,990 --> 01:23:09,920
editor who would advance a young man

2186
01:23:14,149 --> 01:23:12,000
saying he reminds me of me at that age

2187
01:23:16,310 --> 01:23:14,159
i'm never going to remind him of him at

2188
01:23:17,910 --> 01:23:16,320
that age so that's the lookout for all

2189
01:23:19,430 --> 01:23:17,920
of you i'm sure

2190
01:23:21,270 --> 01:23:19,440
okay we have another question over here

2191
01:23:22,950 --> 01:23:21,280
who are you where do you go to school

2192
01:23:24,310 --> 01:23:22,960
hi my name is andrea lawler thank you

2193
01:23:26,229 --> 01:23:24,320
all so much for coming by the way um i

2194
01:23:28,390 --> 01:23:26,239
go to usc i'm a screenwriting electrical

2195
01:23:29,990 --> 01:23:28,400
engineering double major and my curio i

2196
01:23:32,149 --> 01:23:30,000
have two questions for you so my first

2197
01:23:33,669 --> 01:23:32,159
question is just that um a lot of times

2198
01:23:35,750 --> 01:23:33,679
i at least have heard in college a few

2199
01:23:37,750 --> 01:23:35,760
times when whenever an opportunity comes

2200
01:23:39,669 --> 01:23:37,760
my way maybe or comes by the way of

2201
01:23:40,709 --> 01:23:39,679
another female engineer a lot of times

2202
01:23:42,149 --> 01:23:40,719
they would hear oh you only got that

2203
01:23:43,590 --> 01:23:42,159
because you're a woman i don't know if

2204
01:23:45,350 --> 01:23:43,600
you guys ever had that kind of thing

2205
01:23:47,030 --> 01:23:45,360
happen to you guys have nodded um and

2206
01:23:48,870 --> 01:23:47,040
maybe how you overcome that bias and the

2207
01:23:50,870 --> 01:23:48,880
second question is just that a lot of

2208
01:23:52,149 --> 01:23:50,880
people may think that

2209
01:23:54,070 --> 01:23:52,159
the tendency to think that engineering

2210
01:23:55,750 --> 01:23:54,080
doesn't involve a lot of creativity when

2211
01:23:57,110 --> 01:23:55,760
that's usually not the case at all and i

2212
01:23:58,629 --> 01:23:57,120
was curious to know because a lot of

2213
01:24:00,629 --> 01:23:58,639
people attribute women to being more

2214
01:24:02,229 --> 01:24:00,639
creative than men just a fun fact and

2215
01:24:03,830 --> 01:24:02,239
how maybe you've incorporated creativity

2216
01:24:05,510 --> 01:24:03,840
into your own career

2217
01:24:07,189 --> 01:24:05,520
so two questions creativity in your

2218
01:24:09,990 --> 01:24:07,199
careers and do people ever say oh you

2219
01:24:11,830 --> 01:24:10,000
only got that job because you're a woman

2220
01:24:14,390 --> 01:24:11,840
yeah actually um

2221
01:24:17,510 --> 01:24:14,400
that is one that i you know you still

2222
01:24:18,950 --> 01:24:17,520
sometimes just have to swallow

2223
01:24:23,510 --> 01:24:18,960
i was told when i got the faculty

2224
01:24:26,470 --> 01:24:23,520
position at caltech that i was chosen

2225
01:24:27,510 --> 01:24:26,480
because i was a woman and

2226
01:24:31,590 --> 01:24:27,520
by

2227
01:24:33,350 --> 01:24:31,600
a number of people but you know

2228
01:24:35,590 --> 01:24:33,360
ultimately it just comes down to

2229
01:24:37,510 --> 01:24:35,600
building your confidence

2230
01:24:39,750 --> 01:24:37,520
and building enough confidence that you

2231
01:24:41,510 --> 01:24:39,760
just ignore it and you know you know

2232
01:24:43,590 --> 01:24:41,520
it's not true i

2233
01:24:45,590 --> 01:24:43,600
so i you know

2234
01:24:47,990 --> 01:24:45,600
my strategy there was to confront the

2235
01:24:49,430 --> 01:24:48,000
people who said that and just say

2236
01:24:51,590 --> 01:24:49,440
uh no i was

2237
01:24:52,790 --> 01:24:51,600
i was chosen because you know they

2238
01:24:54,310 --> 01:24:52,800
believe that i'm going to do great

2239
01:24:55,910 --> 01:24:54,320
things and

2240
01:24:59,510 --> 01:24:55,920
you know

2241
01:25:01,669 --> 01:24:59,520
it i think is good

2242
01:25:02,470 --> 01:25:01,679
and just telling people

2243
01:25:04,470 --> 01:25:02,480
uh

2244
01:25:06,470 --> 01:25:04,480
that's not an appropriate

2245
01:25:08,629 --> 01:25:06,480
uh

2246
01:25:11,270 --> 01:25:08,639
response but you will get it

2247
01:25:13,910 --> 01:25:11,280
if you're successful you will hear it

2248
01:25:15,270 --> 01:25:13,920
and you know are these people who wanted

2249
01:25:18,950 --> 01:25:15,280
your job

2250
01:25:21,510 --> 01:25:20,629
i think there's many examples of where

2251
01:25:26,709 --> 01:25:21,520
women

2252
01:25:27,669 --> 01:25:26,719
that's also true um and so

2253
01:25:29,110 --> 01:25:27,679
you know

2254
01:25:30,629 --> 01:25:29,120
there's a tendency

2255
01:25:33,110 --> 01:25:30,639
for some men to

2256
01:25:34,870 --> 01:25:33,120
think of the flip side but um i think

2257
01:25:36,390 --> 01:25:34,880
it's more often the case that women

2258
01:25:39,510 --> 01:25:36,400
don't get the job because they're women

2259
01:25:41,030 --> 01:25:39,520
because they don't have the connections

2260
01:25:43,510 --> 01:25:41,040
they don't remind the

2261
01:25:45,270 --> 01:25:43,520
the hiring committee of themselves and

2262
01:25:46,950 --> 01:25:45,280
you know there's a saying that says you

2263
01:25:49,350 --> 01:25:46,960
can't be what you can't see

2264
01:25:50,870 --> 01:25:49,360
so you have to know that there are other

2265
01:25:52,870 --> 01:25:50,880
people like you out there you have to

2266
01:25:55,030 --> 01:25:52,880
find them you have to network you have

2267
01:25:56,870 --> 01:25:55,040
to um you know

2268
01:26:00,310 --> 01:25:56,880
become

2269
01:26:04,390 --> 01:26:00,320
part of a community whereby um you're

2270
01:26:08,149 --> 01:26:04,400
not seen as the um the outsider who is

2271
01:26:10,470 --> 01:26:08,159
somehow special and and got this this um

2272
01:26:11,510 --> 01:26:10,480
position because of that reason because

2273
01:26:18,550 --> 01:26:11,520
it's

2274
01:26:23,990 --> 01:26:21,830
science is incredibly creative i mean

2275
01:26:26,070 --> 01:26:24,000
so i like to think of it as doing art

2276
01:26:28,149 --> 01:26:26,080
but with a different medium

2277
01:26:29,910 --> 01:26:28,159
you know it's basically metal and

2278
01:26:32,709 --> 01:26:29,920
electronics and

2279
01:26:35,189 --> 01:26:32,719
weird cryogens and things like that and

2280
01:26:36,629 --> 01:26:35,199
you know and computers uh so it's it's

2281
01:26:38,870 --> 01:26:36,639
extremely creative i mean to be able to

2282
01:26:41,270 --> 01:26:38,880
come up with missions that uh that are

2283
01:26:43,430 --> 01:26:41,280
able to survive the rigors of space is

2284
01:26:45,110 --> 01:26:43,440
really hard space is a very strange and

2285
01:26:46,390 --> 01:26:45,120
alien environment it's very difficult to

2286
01:26:47,669 --> 01:26:46,400
work in so to be able to figure

2287
01:26:49,510 --> 01:26:47,679
something out that's not going to go

2288
01:26:50,709 --> 01:26:49,520
horribly wrong that it takes a lot of

2289
01:26:53,110 --> 01:26:50,719
creativity

2290
01:26:55,110 --> 01:26:53,120
and and teamwork too i mean it's like

2291
01:26:56,470 --> 01:26:55,120
everybody said one of the really fun

2292
01:26:58,870 --> 01:26:56,480
things about science is you're not

2293
01:27:00,470 --> 01:26:58,880
working alone usually you're usually

2294
01:27:02,390 --> 01:27:00,480
working in big teams it's kind of like

2295
01:27:04,870 --> 01:27:02,400
uh being a crew on a sailing ship you

2296
01:27:06,229 --> 01:27:04,880
know i mean everybody's pulling ropes

2297
01:27:07,990 --> 01:27:06,239
and pulling oars and all trying to row

2298
01:27:09,430 --> 01:27:08,000
in the same direction and and it's

2299
01:27:11,430 --> 01:27:09,440
really fun that's i think one of the

2300
01:27:13,189 --> 01:27:11,440
best things it is like a great sports

2301
01:27:14,470 --> 01:27:13,199
team we have another question over here

2302
01:27:16,470 --> 01:27:14,480
can you tell us who you are where do you

2303
01:27:17,830 --> 01:27:16,480
go to school hi my name is emilia stone

2304
01:27:19,430 --> 01:27:17,840
i'm a grad student in the math

2305
01:27:22,870 --> 01:27:19,440
department at usc

2306
01:27:25,110 --> 01:27:22,880
and um you said that when people

2307
01:27:26,870 --> 01:27:25,120
criticize you or like assume that you

2308
01:27:28,790 --> 01:27:26,880
got the position because you're a woman

2309
01:27:30,790 --> 01:27:28,800
you go and you

2310
01:27:33,030 --> 01:27:30,800
confront them i want to know at what

2311
01:27:35,189 --> 01:27:33,040
point do you confront because i know a

2312
01:27:36,790 --> 01:27:35,199
lot of females have issues with people

2313
01:27:38,550 --> 01:27:36,800
saying oh it's because you're a female

2314
01:27:39,510 --> 01:27:38,560
you're emotional so

2315
01:27:41,510 --> 01:27:39,520
like

2316
01:27:42,870 --> 01:27:41,520
at what point do you confront someone

2317
01:27:44,830 --> 01:27:42,880
should you just ignore it should you

2318
01:27:47,189 --> 01:27:44,840
like turn the other

2319
01:27:49,030 --> 01:27:47,199
cheek well

2320
01:27:51,910 --> 01:27:49,040
you know in my case the way that i dealt

2321
01:27:53,189 --> 01:27:51,920
with it was was to confront to talk to

2322
01:27:54,790 --> 01:27:53,199
people you know when i heard about it

2323
01:27:56,470 --> 01:27:54,800
when somebody said that or said it

2324
01:27:59,430 --> 01:27:56,480
behind my back

2325
01:28:00,870 --> 01:27:59,440
uh because i thought it was important

2326
01:28:03,350 --> 01:28:00,880
uh

2327
01:28:04,790 --> 01:28:03,360
you know that it's just not a

2328
01:28:06,550 --> 01:28:04,800
an acceptable

2329
01:28:08,790 --> 01:28:06,560
attitude i mean i've been on the other

2330
01:28:09,590 --> 01:28:08,800
side of hiring committees now i've hired

2331
01:28:11,110 --> 01:28:09,600
uh

2332
01:28:12,709 --> 01:28:11,120
like many

2333
01:28:16,229 --> 01:28:12,719
faculty members and i'll tell you what

2334
01:28:19,910 --> 01:28:16,239
you care about is talent you care about

2335
01:28:22,870 --> 01:28:19,920
who's going to make an impact it is true

2336
01:28:25,990 --> 01:28:22,880
in some cases you know

2337
01:28:27,270 --> 01:28:26,000
if the person isn't isn't flashy or have

2338
01:28:29,270 --> 01:28:27,280
the connections you have to read the

2339
01:28:31,430 --> 01:28:29,280
papers you have to do

2340
01:28:33,750 --> 01:28:31,440
more diligence but i'll tell you we hire

2341
01:28:35,669 --> 01:28:33,760
people people succeed because they are

2342
01:28:37,990 --> 01:28:35,679
good and

2343
01:28:41,110 --> 01:28:38,000
i think it's important to just iterate

2344
01:28:45,350 --> 01:28:43,590
but it is you know it's uncomfortable

2345
01:28:47,110 --> 01:28:45,360
i'd be more inclined to throw it back

2346
01:28:50,149 --> 01:28:47,120
you know with a bumper sticker like my

2347
01:28:53,510 --> 01:28:50,159
brain is bigger than your you know what

2348
01:28:55,110 --> 01:28:53,520
i don't know how that would work for you

2349
01:28:57,990 --> 01:28:55,120
well there's a there's a phenomenon

2350
01:29:00,070 --> 01:28:58,000
called imposter syndrome that i've heard

2351
01:29:01,910 --> 01:29:00,080
uh discussed and psychologists use this

2352
01:29:04,070 --> 01:29:01,920
term to to talk about

2353
01:29:06,070 --> 01:29:04,080
uh basically the notion that oh you

2354
01:29:07,669 --> 01:29:06,080
think to yourself well i'm only i'm only

2355
01:29:09,590 --> 01:29:07,679
able to do this because you know i'm a

2356
01:29:12,070 --> 01:29:09,600
woman or you know i shouldn't be here i

2357
01:29:13,510 --> 01:29:12,080
don't deserve this i'm a fake and every

2358
01:29:15,590 --> 01:29:13,520
question yourself yeah and everybody

2359
01:29:17,270 --> 01:29:15,600
will find out and and that's impostor

2360
01:29:19,430 --> 01:29:17,280
syndrome it's

2361
01:29:21,430 --> 01:29:19,440
you gotta get past it and you know

2362
01:29:22,870 --> 01:29:21,440
that's something to to when you find

2363
01:29:25,189 --> 01:29:22,880
yourself falling into those behaviors

2364
01:29:27,510 --> 01:29:25,199
you have to recognize it and say oh okay

2365
01:29:29,510 --> 01:29:27,520
i'm doing this behavior and i want to

2366
01:29:30,950 --> 01:29:29,520
try to change my behavior because that's

2367
01:29:31,990 --> 01:29:30,960
the only thing i can change i can change

2368
01:29:33,510 --> 01:29:32,000
myself

2369
01:29:35,110 --> 01:29:33,520
and i'm not going to listen to that

2370
01:29:36,950 --> 01:29:35,120
voice telling me that i don't belong

2371
01:29:38,629 --> 01:29:36,960
here and to tell yourself i have this

2372
01:29:40,229 --> 01:29:38,639
job because i deserve this yeah and you

2373
01:29:41,830 --> 01:29:40,239
deserve it yeah

2374
01:29:43,669 --> 01:29:41,840
i would also say that

2375
01:29:46,310 --> 01:29:43,679
you know whether you confront somebody

2376
01:29:48,550 --> 01:29:46,320
or not i mean the best way to deal with

2377
01:29:49,510 --> 01:29:48,560
comments like that is to do really good

2378
01:29:52,870 --> 01:29:49,520
work

2379
01:29:54,550 --> 01:29:52,880
okay and and ultimately things will take

2380
01:29:56,229 --> 01:29:54,560
care of themselves

2381
01:29:58,870 --> 01:29:56,239
over here we have a question who are you

2382
01:30:01,350 --> 01:29:58,880
where do you go to school

2383
01:30:02,790 --> 01:30:01,360
thank you my name is dina anderson i'm

2384
01:30:05,189 --> 01:30:02,800
an undergraduate at california state

2385
01:30:06,790 --> 01:30:05,199
university of san bernardino and my

2386
01:30:08,470 --> 01:30:06,800
question to you is because of the

2387
01:30:10,070 --> 01:30:08,480
increased education and the proactive

2388
01:30:12,070 --> 01:30:10,080
stance you're taking toward hiring more

2389
01:30:13,669 --> 01:30:12,080
women do you find that there are more

2390
01:30:15,110 --> 01:30:13,679
opportunities for women or have the

2391
01:30:16,709 --> 01:30:15,120
opportunity levels stayed the same and

2392
01:30:18,950 --> 01:30:16,719
we're just increasing the education

2393
01:30:20,629 --> 01:30:18,960
level for these women and

2394
01:30:27,030 --> 01:30:20,639
making them aware that the opportunities

2395
01:30:29,590 --> 01:30:28,390
margaret maybe you could

2396
01:30:31,350 --> 01:30:29,600
i don't know if you've seen the the

2397
01:30:34,550 --> 01:30:31,360
changes over years of the numbers the

2398
01:30:38,470 --> 01:30:34,560
availabilities and that that particular

2399
01:30:40,390 --> 01:30:38,480
what calculation you'd like okay uh

2400
01:30:42,629 --> 01:30:40,400
i i'm not sure that i

2401
01:30:43,910 --> 01:30:42,639
am answering exactly the question you're

2402
01:30:45,510 --> 01:30:43,920
asking but

2403
01:30:47,189 --> 01:30:45,520
there

2404
01:30:54,390 --> 01:30:47,199
the

2405
01:30:55,110 --> 01:30:54,400
sciences is not uniformly spread through

2406
01:31:04,950 --> 01:30:55,120
the

2407
01:31:08,149 --> 01:31:04,960
in all universities who are really eager

2408
01:31:11,270 --> 01:31:08,159
to recruit women and to identify

2409
01:31:12,629 --> 01:31:11,280
outstanding women there are others who

2410
01:31:15,270 --> 01:31:12,639
would

2411
01:31:17,590 --> 01:31:15,280
who have very little interest in this

2412
01:31:18,470 --> 01:31:17,600
and uh so

2413
01:31:25,750 --> 01:31:18,480
it

2414
01:31:26,790 --> 01:31:25,760
is uh is dominant there was a burst of

2415
01:31:28,950 --> 01:31:26,800
interest

2416
01:31:31,910 --> 01:31:28,960
in hiring women

2417
01:31:34,790 --> 01:31:31,920
at the during the johnson administration

2418
01:31:36,229 --> 01:31:34,800
when title seven of the title

2419
01:31:38,310 --> 01:31:36,239
seven of the

2420
01:31:40,870 --> 01:31:38,320
civil rights act was passed the one that

2421
01:31:44,070 --> 01:31:40,880
said you can't discriminate on the basis

2422
01:31:47,110 --> 01:31:44,080
of gender and there was a really serious

2423
01:31:50,070 --> 01:31:47,120
effort to hire women and there were even

2424
01:31:52,629 --> 01:31:50,080
special positions set aside if you could

2425
01:31:54,070 --> 01:31:52,639
find an extremely gifted woman a

2426
01:31:55,830 --> 01:31:54,080
department could get an extra

2427
01:31:57,510 --> 01:31:55,840
appointment

2428
01:31:59,590 --> 01:31:57,520
and then

2429
01:32:02,629 --> 01:31:59,600
people began to get smug

2430
01:32:05,430 --> 01:32:02,639
and there was much less uh direct

2431
01:32:08,470 --> 01:32:05,440
attempt higher women and then we in

2432
01:32:10,550 --> 01:32:08,480
california we passed the proposition

2433
01:32:14,390 --> 01:32:10,560
that said that you couldn't

2434
01:32:17,030 --> 01:32:14,400
take direct action to for affirmative

2435
01:32:19,270 --> 01:32:17,040
action in hiring so it's gone up and

2436
01:32:21,430 --> 01:32:19,280
down i think right now

2437
01:32:23,189 --> 01:32:21,440
it's kind of

2438
01:32:24,870 --> 01:32:23,199
somewhere in the middle is there a

2439
01:32:27,430 --> 01:32:24,880
critical mass that we have yet to

2440
01:32:29,510 --> 01:32:27,440
achieve with the number of women in the

2441
01:32:32,149 --> 01:32:29,520
universities and in academic positions i

2442
01:32:34,629 --> 01:32:32,159
think in academia in the sciences we

2443
01:32:35,750 --> 01:32:34,639
haven't reached the critical the the

2444
01:32:38,070 --> 01:32:35,760
there are

2445
01:32:41,350 --> 01:32:38,080
there have been studies that suggest

2446
01:32:43,830 --> 01:32:41,360
that you need at least a third women for

2447
01:32:46,470 --> 01:32:43,840
people to stop thinking about a person

2448
01:32:49,350 --> 01:32:46,480
as being a woman faculty member and

2449
01:32:52,310 --> 01:32:49,360
think of her as being a physics faculty

2450
01:32:53,590 --> 01:32:52,320
member uh so that that that we haven't

2451
01:32:55,750 --> 01:32:53,600
reached in

2452
01:32:57,270 --> 01:32:55,760
the physical science carol

2453
01:32:59,030 --> 01:32:57,280
i would say that i think at the jet

2454
01:33:01,110 --> 01:32:59,040
propulsion lab um

2455
01:33:03,350 --> 01:33:01,120
that critical mass has been reached um

2456
01:33:05,430 --> 01:33:03,360
as charles was saying charles is also

2457
01:33:07,350 --> 01:33:05,440
one of these people who's very proactive

2458
01:33:08,950 --> 01:33:07,360
we have two members of the ec you're

2459
01:33:11,110 --> 01:33:08,960
seeing women in the top positions you're

2460
01:33:12,950 --> 01:33:11,120
seeing women leading

2461
01:33:15,990 --> 01:33:12,960
technology developments which is one

2462
01:33:18,870 --> 01:33:16,000
area that was was often dominated by men

2463
01:33:21,510 --> 01:33:18,880
leading projects and when i came here

2464
01:33:23,510 --> 01:33:21,520
the management of projects was all male

2465
01:33:26,229 --> 01:33:23,520
you know all of the highly technical

2466
01:33:28,950 --> 01:33:26,239
fields were led by males and women were

2467
01:33:31,590 --> 01:33:28,960
generally in human resources or some you

2468
01:33:33,750 --> 01:33:31,600
know some more soft positions and that's

2469
01:33:35,430 --> 01:33:33,760
changed entirely so

2470
01:33:37,510 --> 01:33:35,440
i see that that we've reached this

2471
01:33:40,229 --> 01:33:37,520
critical mass and no longer

2472
01:33:42,310 --> 01:33:40,239
is a really a gender issue here at jpl

2473
01:33:44,470 --> 01:33:42,320
we have another question up here

2474
01:33:46,070 --> 01:33:44,480
hi yes i'm lauren edgar i'm a geology

2475
01:33:47,669 --> 01:33:46,080
student at caltech and i was wondering

2476
01:33:49,910 --> 01:33:47,679
if there was anything in particular that

2477
01:33:52,470 --> 01:33:49,920
you did to prepare yourselves not just

2478
01:33:54,390 --> 01:33:52,480
for careers in science and engineering

2479
01:33:56,149 --> 01:33:54,400
but to take on leadership roles in some

2480
01:33:57,430 --> 01:33:56,159
of these missions was it something that

2481
01:33:59,189 --> 01:33:57,440
you always thought that you wanted to do

2482
01:34:01,510 --> 01:33:59,199
or did you seize the opportunity when it

2483
01:34:02,310 --> 01:34:01,520
came about

2484
01:34:03,270 --> 01:34:02,320
yeah

2485
01:34:04,950 --> 01:34:03,280
so i

2486
01:34:06,390 --> 01:34:04,960
this is not related to the the mission

2487
01:34:08,229 --> 01:34:06,400
although i think they're related but

2488
01:34:09,990 --> 01:34:08,239
when i was um

2489
01:34:11,590 --> 01:34:10,000
when i was uh

2490
01:34:14,709 --> 01:34:11,600
negotiating to become head of my

2491
01:34:15,990 --> 01:34:14,719
department um and met with the dean

2492
01:34:19,750 --> 01:34:16,000
uh

2493
01:34:20,870 --> 01:34:19,760
he he said you'll be fine you've raised

2494
01:34:24,070 --> 01:34:20,880
children

2495
01:34:29,830 --> 01:34:27,350
and uh but i um

2496
01:34:33,110 --> 01:34:29,840
and actually i i think that he was

2497
01:34:34,790 --> 01:34:33,120
correct and actually i think that that

2498
01:34:36,950 --> 01:34:34,800
did uh

2499
01:34:38,310 --> 01:34:36,960
actually apply on the the mission side

2500
01:34:41,590 --> 01:34:38,320
too because

2501
01:34:42,870 --> 01:34:41,600
um because in in a mission

2502
01:34:45,189 --> 01:34:42,880
you want to give everybody an

2503
01:34:47,430 --> 01:34:45,199
opportunity and and you want everybody

2504
01:34:49,669 --> 01:34:47,440
to do their best because that's the only

2505
01:34:51,990 --> 01:34:49,679
way that you and it's it's basically the

2506
01:34:53,750 --> 01:34:52,000
same qualities that you have uh as a

2507
01:34:56,790 --> 01:34:53,760
parent okay

2508
01:34:58,870 --> 01:34:56,800
and um and so so for me that's you know

2509
01:35:00,550 --> 01:34:58,880
something that uh that i've looked at in

2510
01:35:02,310 --> 01:35:00,560
that way but um

2511
01:35:04,310 --> 01:35:02,320
but there's you know there's there's two

2512
01:35:06,470 --> 01:35:04,320
issues there's leadership and then

2513
01:35:08,229 --> 01:35:06,480
there's management and the the

2514
01:35:10,709 --> 01:35:08,239
management i don't know you know there

2515
01:35:12,629 --> 01:35:10,719
are there are ways to pick that up that

2516
01:35:14,629 --> 01:35:12,639
that could be more on the the coursework

2517
01:35:16,390 --> 01:35:14,639
side but i think on the the leaner the

2518
01:35:17,990 --> 01:35:16,400
leadership side

2519
01:35:20,390 --> 01:35:18,000
uh it's uh

2520
01:35:22,790 --> 01:35:20,400
it's going out and just trying to do

2521
01:35:24,709 --> 01:35:22,800
what you think is the the best thing and

2522
01:35:28,149 --> 01:35:24,719
to to really be

2523
01:35:30,550 --> 01:35:28,159
receptive to to input from others okay

2524
01:35:33,430 --> 01:35:30,560
um if you're if you're not receptive to

2525
01:35:35,510 --> 01:35:33,440
the the input of others who have good

2526
01:35:37,189 --> 01:35:35,520
ideas then then i think that you can't

2527
01:35:42,870 --> 01:35:37,199
go nearly as far yeah then you're the

2528
01:35:47,430 --> 01:35:45,590
hi my name is kapana ramsey and i'm a

2529
01:35:50,149 --> 01:35:47,440
student at scripps college which happens

2530
01:35:51,669 --> 01:35:50,159
to be a women's college um

2531
01:35:53,669 --> 01:35:51,679
i just wondered have you ever found

2532
01:35:55,350 --> 01:35:53,679
yourselves being discouraged by the

2533
01:35:57,270 --> 01:35:55,360
women in your life

2534
01:35:59,750 --> 01:35:57,280
for doing the sciences because

2535
01:36:01,510 --> 01:35:59,760
guaranteed like i always have a physics

2536
01:36:03,830 --> 01:36:01,520
problem that i find particularly hard

2537
01:36:05,669 --> 01:36:03,840
and i tend to vent to my friends

2538
01:36:07,510 --> 01:36:05,679
and once i was

2539
01:36:09,990 --> 01:36:07,520
once a friend of mine said well no one's

2540
01:36:11,430 --> 01:36:10,000
telling you to do the sciences

2541
01:36:13,189 --> 01:36:11,440
i wonder if you guys have ever had

2542
01:36:14,629 --> 01:36:13,199
anything like that and how you dealt

2543
01:36:16,390 --> 01:36:14,639
with it

2544
01:36:18,229 --> 01:36:16,400
we tend to think of women as practicing

2545
01:36:20,790 --> 01:36:18,239
solidarity but sometimes it's not always

2546
01:36:26,790 --> 01:36:24,709
well i guess i guess i would say that um

2547
01:36:29,350 --> 01:36:26,800
women tend to be the hardest critics on

2548
01:36:31,189 --> 01:36:29,360
other women okay because because you

2549
01:36:33,189 --> 01:36:31,199
want to avoid

2550
01:36:35,510 --> 01:36:33,199
um the

2551
01:36:37,270 --> 01:36:35,520
any issue that any woman got anything

2552
01:36:40,709 --> 01:36:37,280
because she was a woman

2553
01:36:42,870 --> 01:36:40,719
so um so i i don't know maggie maybe you

2554
01:36:44,550 --> 01:36:42,880
can comment on that but i i think women

2555
01:36:46,950 --> 01:36:44,560
look at women and say you know look you

2556
01:36:49,510 --> 01:36:46,960
got to be better than that and i think

2557
01:36:51,590 --> 01:36:49,520
you've got a point

2558
01:36:54,629 --> 01:36:51,600
yeah i think that's actually true

2559
01:37:00,550 --> 01:36:57,669
hi my name is yao hackett i haven't been

2560
01:37:03,510 --> 01:37:00,560
living america only nine years

2561
01:37:05,189 --> 01:37:03,520
obviously i'm 44 years old it's a very

2562
01:37:06,390 --> 01:37:05,199
old age

2563
01:37:08,070 --> 01:37:06,400
i'm from

2564
01:37:09,830 --> 01:37:08,080
csu long beach

2565
01:37:12,790 --> 01:37:09,840
at a lancaster

2566
01:37:15,189 --> 01:37:12,800
which is a very small small group

2567
01:37:18,470 --> 01:37:15,199
engineering program

2568
01:37:21,510 --> 01:37:18,480
my situation is since that is a very

2569
01:37:22,950 --> 01:37:21,520
small group i only have nine students in

2570
01:37:25,830 --> 01:37:22,960
double e

2571
01:37:28,390 --> 01:37:25,840
so and most of the teacher is a

2572
01:37:31,510 --> 01:37:28,400
part-time so they don't obviously don't

2573
01:37:32,550 --> 01:37:31,520
have office hours and

2574
01:37:34,950 --> 01:37:32,560
so it's

2575
01:37:36,790 --> 01:37:34,960
it's very difficult to handle with them

2576
01:37:38,950 --> 01:37:36,800
so only can you see the professor is

2577
01:37:41,189 --> 01:37:38,960
only just a class time

2578
01:37:44,070 --> 01:37:41,199
so i have a really a little bit of a

2579
01:37:46,870 --> 01:37:44,080
hard time to to continue to take a class

2580
01:37:50,070 --> 01:37:46,880
so i told my friend so they all suggest

2581
01:37:53,669 --> 01:37:50,080
me moving to another university so which

2582
01:37:56,229 --> 01:37:53,679
is i was in the csu san jose

2583
01:37:57,669 --> 01:37:56,239
so beyond your experience so what do you

2584
01:37:59,030 --> 01:37:57,679
think

2585
01:38:01,910 --> 01:37:59,040
thank you and thank you here's a

2586
01:38:03,910 --> 01:38:01,920
situation where the professors part-time

2587
01:38:05,910 --> 01:38:03,920
no office hours no access to the kind of

2588
01:38:07,109 --> 01:38:05,920
advice that you were talking about

2589
01:38:09,189 --> 01:38:07,119
should people look for different

2590
01:38:11,750 --> 01:38:09,199
universities if they can in these cases

2591
01:38:15,830 --> 01:38:11,760
that may be more able to

2592
01:38:20,790 --> 01:38:17,270
that that's certainly

2593
01:38:24,470 --> 01:38:20,800
a good option um another is that

2594
01:38:25,270 --> 01:38:24,480
there are associations national state of

2595
01:38:28,470 --> 01:38:25,280
of

2596
01:38:30,390 --> 01:38:28,480
students and you can always find

2597
01:38:33,030 --> 01:38:30,400
people that can mentor you and help you

2598
01:38:35,109 --> 01:38:33,040
um through those organizations uh so i

2599
01:38:37,910 --> 01:38:35,119
would i would look for for what other

2600
01:38:40,790 --> 01:38:37,920
what kind of organizations um there's a

2601
01:38:43,750 --> 01:38:40,800
it's a national association of

2602
01:38:44,870 --> 01:38:43,760
geo science

2603
01:38:46,629 --> 01:38:44,880
there's an association of women

2604
01:38:47,910 --> 01:38:46,639
geoscientists um that's kind of a

2605
01:38:50,709 --> 01:38:47,920
professional level there are other

2606
01:38:52,550 --> 01:38:50,719
graduate student associations um that

2607
01:38:56,229 --> 01:38:52,560
are usually active

2608
01:38:58,229 --> 01:38:56,239
on most campuses so i i don't know in

2609
01:39:00,550 --> 01:38:58,239
some specific examples but certainly you

2610
01:39:03,669 --> 01:39:00,560
know they the association of women in in

2611
01:39:05,350 --> 01:39:03,679
geosciences um would be a place to to go

2612
01:39:07,590 --> 01:39:05,360
to um

2613
01:39:08,870 --> 01:39:07,600
if you're in geosciences but you know

2614
01:39:10,629 --> 01:39:08,880
you get the point but professional

2615
01:39:12,390 --> 01:39:10,639
groups are beyond the the immediate

2616
01:39:14,310 --> 01:39:12,400
physical presence of a faculty member or

2617
01:39:17,270 --> 01:39:14,320
the absence of a faculty member good

2618
01:39:21,590 --> 01:39:19,430
hi my name is savannah vanessa and i'm a

2619
01:39:24,390 --> 01:39:21,600
graduating senior in california state

2620
01:39:26,149 --> 01:39:24,400
university northridge i'm studying

2621
01:39:28,550 --> 01:39:26,159
mechanical engineering and minoring in

2622
01:39:30,470 --> 01:39:28,560
writing and rhetoric

2623
01:39:32,229 --> 01:39:30,480
i wanted to ask a few years ago i was

2624
01:39:33,590 --> 01:39:32,239
doing some research on the number of

2625
01:39:35,669 --> 01:39:33,600
women

2626
01:39:37,750 --> 01:39:35,679
that were studying in

2627
01:39:40,790 --> 01:39:37,760
science and engineering and i did notice

2628
01:39:43,350 --> 01:39:40,800
that the flood of women during the 60s

2629
01:39:44,390 --> 01:39:43,360
and the 70s but what caught my attention

2630
01:39:46,870 --> 01:39:44,400
was

2631
01:39:48,629 --> 01:39:46,880
during the 70s

2632
01:39:51,189 --> 01:39:48,639
during the flood of the women

2633
01:39:53,189 --> 01:39:51,199
there was a sudden decrease in men

2634
01:39:55,910 --> 01:39:53,199
actually going into

2635
01:39:58,790 --> 01:39:55,920
engineering and the sciences and some of

2636
01:40:02,950 --> 01:39:58,800
the papers had suggested that it was

2637
01:40:05,510 --> 01:40:02,960
just a negative reaction by the men for

2638
01:40:06,550 --> 01:40:05,520
the sudden uh increase in number of

2639
01:40:09,830 --> 01:40:06,560
women

2640
01:40:12,470 --> 01:40:09,840
i wanted to ask uh your opinions uh do

2641
01:40:13,669 --> 01:40:12,480
you think there is any truth in these

2642
01:40:15,990 --> 01:40:13,679
uh

2643
01:40:17,750 --> 01:40:16,000
suggestions or have you ever encountered

2644
01:40:19,270 --> 01:40:17,760
any such negative reactions thank you

2645
01:40:20,709 --> 01:40:19,280
and and there was a phenomenon that you

2646
01:40:22,790 --> 01:40:20,719
saw on the soviet union which would brag

2647
01:40:24,629 --> 01:40:22,800
oh we have 70 percent of our doctors are

2648
01:40:27,109 --> 01:40:24,639
women but at the same time that

2649
01:40:28,709 --> 01:40:27,119
profession became devalued because more

2650
01:40:30,390 --> 01:40:28,719
women went into it and i think that's a

2651
01:40:33,669 --> 01:40:30,400
good question

2652
01:40:38,390 --> 01:40:35,750
i i've never

2653
01:40:40,629 --> 01:40:38,400
encountered any attitudes like that

2654
01:40:43,189 --> 01:40:40,639
um and i i tend to think that

2655
01:40:45,669 --> 01:40:43,199
engineering is still a male

2656
01:40:47,030 --> 01:40:45,679
associated with being male dominated and

2657
01:40:49,030 --> 01:40:47,040
so therefore

2658
01:40:50,790 --> 01:40:49,040
you know men wouldn't have that that

2659
01:40:52,070 --> 01:40:50,800
kind of backlash um

2660
01:40:54,470 --> 01:40:52,080
mentality

2661
01:40:57,990 --> 01:40:54,480
um but but i'll say that what i saw in

2662
01:40:59,270 --> 01:40:58,000
the 80s is that um very smart people

2663
01:41:01,270 --> 01:40:59,280
including some of the people i went to

2664
01:41:03,189 --> 01:41:01,280
graduate school with went to wall street

2665
01:41:05,750 --> 01:41:03,199
because that's where the money was

2666
01:41:07,830 --> 01:41:05,760
so there's you know people shipped

2667
01:41:10,709 --> 01:41:07,840
around for different reasons

2668
01:41:12,790 --> 01:41:10,719
but no i haven't experienced that

2669
01:41:23,910 --> 01:41:12,800
thank you all for coming terrific panel

2670
01:41:29,109 --> 01:41:26,950
thank you pat thank you to the panelists

2671
01:41:44,390 --> 01:41:29,119
here for a really enlightening

2672
01:41:50,149 --> 01:41:47,189
welcome back we have assembled an

2673
01:41:52,550 --> 01:41:50,159
outstanding panel of jpl women

2674
01:41:56,310 --> 01:41:52,560
leaders in all aspects of what we do

2675
01:41:58,550 --> 01:41:56,320
here from flight project to science to

2676
01:42:01,510 --> 01:41:58,560
technology engineering

2677
01:42:04,790 --> 01:42:01,520
line in executive management

2678
01:42:07,669 --> 01:42:04,800
here to engage them in a conversation

2679
01:42:10,950 --> 01:42:07,679
and take your questions is our director

2680
01:42:18,629 --> 01:42:10,960
of human resources cozette heart because

2681
01:42:24,310 --> 01:42:21,830
i know we left off at a very engaging q

2682
01:42:26,629 --> 01:42:24,320
a and i hope we can carry that into this

2683
01:42:29,030 --> 01:42:26,639
next session i'm just going to be sort

2684
01:42:30,470 --> 01:42:29,040
of kicking off some questions for this

2685
01:42:33,350 --> 01:42:30,480
group of panelists these are all very

2686
01:42:35,750 --> 01:42:33,360
successful women here at jpl

2687
01:42:37,350 --> 01:42:35,760
and um i think they're anxious to ask

2688
01:42:39,669 --> 01:42:37,360
answer some of the same questions that

2689
01:42:42,149 --> 01:42:39,679
the earlier panel got so

2690
01:42:43,910 --> 01:42:42,159
i think if you've got the questions you

2691
01:42:45,430 --> 01:42:43,920
know write them down we'll make sure

2692
01:42:47,189 --> 01:42:45,440
there's plenty of time at the end for

2693
01:42:49,109 --> 01:42:47,199
that i'm going to just quickly go

2694
01:42:52,070 --> 01:42:49,119
through a little bit about each person

2695
01:42:53,590 --> 01:42:52,080
so that you know who we have here very

2696
01:42:56,950 --> 01:42:53,600
briefly it certainly doesn't do their

2697
01:42:58,790 --> 01:42:56,960
careers justice and hopefully as we talk

2698
01:43:01,590 --> 01:42:58,800
some of what their highlights of their

2699
01:43:03,910 --> 01:43:01,600
career will come out as part of that so

2700
01:43:06,070 --> 01:43:03,920
thank you very much first to my to my

2701
01:43:08,390 --> 01:43:06,080
left immediate left is dr meg powell

2702
01:43:11,270 --> 01:43:08,400
meeks she's the associate

2703
01:43:13,109 --> 01:43:11,280
chief information officer here at jpl

2704
01:43:15,030 --> 01:43:13,119
she's earned a bachelor's degree in

2705
01:43:16,950 --> 01:43:15,040
physics and then went on and earned

2706
01:43:19,109 --> 01:43:16,960
advanced degrees in engineering

2707
01:43:20,870 --> 01:43:19,119
management computer science and

2708
01:43:24,950 --> 01:43:20,880
information systems

2709
01:43:27,030 --> 01:43:24,960
next to mag is elizabeth km she is our

2710
01:43:29,189 --> 01:43:27,040
manager for instrument software and

2711
01:43:31,510 --> 01:43:29,199
science data systems

2712
01:43:34,229 --> 01:43:31,520
liz holds a bachelor's degree in math

2713
01:43:36,310 --> 01:43:34,239
two degrees in math computer science and

2714
01:43:40,070 --> 01:43:36,320
business administration

2715
01:43:41,990 --> 01:43:40,080
next to elizabeth is dr diane evans she

2716
01:43:44,390 --> 01:43:42,000
is an executive for earth science and

2717
01:43:46,950 --> 01:43:44,400
technology she's been a project

2718
01:43:49,510 --> 01:43:46,960
scientist a chief scientist and held

2719
01:43:51,510 --> 01:43:49,520
increasingly higher levels of management

2720
01:43:55,350 --> 01:43:51,520
responsibilities throughout her career

2721
01:43:57,430 --> 01:43:55,360
with jpl she holds a bachelor's master's

2722
01:43:59,830 --> 01:43:57,440
and doctoral degree in geological

2723
01:44:03,030 --> 01:43:59,840
sciences

2724
01:44:05,590 --> 01:44:03,040
next is dr claudia alexander she is a

2725
01:44:07,910 --> 01:44:05,600
project scientist for rosetta which is

2726
01:44:10,310 --> 01:44:07,920
one of our international missions

2727
01:44:11,590 --> 01:44:10,320
in our solar system exploration

2728
01:44:13,430 --> 01:44:11,600
directorate

2729
01:44:15,669 --> 01:44:13,440
she holds a degree in engineering and

2730
01:44:17,990 --> 01:44:15,679
received her doctorate in atmosphere and

2731
01:44:20,070 --> 01:44:18,000
space science

2732
01:44:22,790 --> 01:44:20,080
next we have jan chotis she's an

2733
01:44:25,430 --> 01:44:22,800
executive for our safety and mission

2734
01:44:27,990 --> 01:44:25,440
success organization she most recently

2735
01:44:29,430 --> 01:44:28,000
was our project manager for juno which

2736
01:44:30,470 --> 01:44:29,440
is a mission that we have going to

2737
01:44:32,390 --> 01:44:30,480
jupiter

2738
01:44:35,590 --> 01:44:32,400
she holds undergraduate and graduate

2739
01:44:38,470 --> 01:44:35,600
degrees in aerospace engineering

2740
01:44:40,629 --> 01:44:38,480
next is kendra short she's a senior

2741
01:44:43,030 --> 01:44:40,639
manager here in our mechanical systems

2742
01:44:45,030 --> 01:44:43,040
division she holds a bachelor's degree

2743
01:44:46,950 --> 01:44:45,040
in mechanical and aerospace engineering

2744
01:44:49,510 --> 01:44:46,960
and a master's in aero and astro

2745
01:44:52,070 --> 01:44:49,520
engineering and finally last but not

2746
01:44:54,629 --> 01:44:52,080
least is dr rosalie lopez

2747
01:44:57,669 --> 01:44:54,639
she's a planetary science scientist in

2748
01:44:59,590 --> 01:44:57,679
our solar system exploration directorate

2749
01:45:01,510 --> 01:44:59,600
she holds a degree in a star astronomy

2750
01:45:03,990 --> 01:45:01,520
and received a doctorate in planetary

2751
01:45:06,790 --> 01:45:04,000
science and she's our leading volcano

2752
01:45:08,550 --> 01:45:06,800
specialist here at jpl

2753
01:45:10,550 --> 01:45:08,560
so first of all i'd just like to kick

2754
01:45:13,109 --> 01:45:10,560
this off and i'm going to direct the

2755
01:45:16,629 --> 01:45:13,119
first question to mag i've just gone

2756
01:45:19,030 --> 01:45:16,639
through a lot of advanced degrees here

2757
01:45:20,950 --> 01:45:19,040
how important do you think it is to have

2758
01:45:23,669 --> 01:45:20,960
an advanced degree and continue on with

2759
01:45:26,070 --> 01:45:23,679
your education be successful sure well

2760
01:45:28,470 --> 01:45:26,080
for me i found having an advanced degree

2761
01:45:30,950 --> 01:45:28,480
very helpful in my career development

2762
01:45:32,550 --> 01:45:30,960
for example when i came to jpl i had a

2763
01:45:34,550 --> 01:45:32,560
degree in physics and some training in

2764
01:45:36,950 --> 01:45:34,560
engineering management so my first job

2765
01:45:38,390 --> 01:45:36,960
was a junior instrumentations engineer

2766
01:45:40,870 --> 01:45:38,400
and although i enjoyed working with

2767
01:45:42,550 --> 01:45:40,880
hardware i really became excited when i

2768
01:45:43,830 --> 01:45:42,560
had a chance to work on a data

2769
01:45:46,629 --> 01:45:43,840
acquisition system that involved

2770
01:45:49,270 --> 01:45:46,639
computers and software that acquired and

2771
01:45:52,070 --> 01:45:49,280
analyzed data and that inspired me to go

2772
01:45:54,629 --> 01:45:52,080
back to school and study computers and

2773
01:45:57,510 --> 01:45:54,639
computer science information systems and

2774
01:45:59,669 --> 01:45:57,520
the the natural integration of those

2775
01:46:02,149 --> 01:45:59,679
technical areas i think opened a lot of

2776
01:46:04,790 --> 01:46:02,159
doors for me to pursue other jobs across

2777
01:46:06,950 --> 01:46:04,800
the laboratory and it turned out that

2778
01:46:09,510 --> 01:46:06,960
i moved into the it organization a

2779
01:46:11,830 --> 01:46:09,520
little bit and right at the time jpl was

2780
01:46:13,350 --> 01:46:11,840
looking at outsourcing and i did my

2781
01:46:14,709 --> 01:46:13,360
dissertation in that area and it turns

2782
01:46:16,229 --> 01:46:14,719
out that i was able to contribute i

2783
01:46:18,149 --> 01:46:16,239
think to

2784
01:46:20,149 --> 01:46:18,159
learning how to start up an organization

2785
01:46:21,270 --> 01:46:20,159
how to transition people

2786
01:46:25,510 --> 01:46:21,280
and

2787
01:46:26,870 --> 01:46:25,520
business how to do business management

2788
01:46:28,709 --> 01:46:26,880
and

2789
01:46:30,470 --> 01:46:28,719
got the opportunity to come back to jpl

2790
01:46:32,950 --> 01:46:30,480
and work in both engineering and nit so

2791
01:46:34,790 --> 01:46:32,960
that's a perfect blend i think of having

2792
01:46:36,709 --> 01:46:34,800
when you continue school how many doors

2793
01:46:38,629 --> 01:46:36,719
can open and the different paths your

2794
01:46:39,669 --> 01:46:38,639
career can take so for me it's been a

2795
01:46:41,669 --> 01:46:39,679
wonderful thing i think you should

2796
01:46:44,229 --> 01:46:41,679
continue

2797
01:46:46,229 --> 01:46:44,239
any others here who decided

2798
01:46:48,070 --> 01:46:46,239
that they needed that for their career

2799
01:46:50,149 --> 01:46:48,080
as well yeah i think especially in the

2800
01:46:51,910 --> 01:46:50,159
science area here we most of the

2801
01:46:53,510 --> 01:46:51,920
scientists here have advanced degrees i

2802
01:46:55,270 --> 01:46:53,520
do think that that's a very important

2803
01:46:57,910 --> 01:46:55,280
for jpl

2804
01:46:59,350 --> 01:46:57,920
yes when you do an advanced degree

2805
01:47:02,229 --> 01:46:59,360
that's when you really learn to do

2806
01:47:05,030 --> 01:47:02,239
research so if you want to do research

2807
01:47:07,350 --> 01:47:05,040
it's very important to have that and you

2808
01:47:09,430 --> 01:47:07,360
might also find

2809
01:47:11,910 --> 01:47:09,440
different slightly different areas of

2810
01:47:13,669 --> 01:47:11,920
research that you enjoy

2811
01:47:16,149 --> 01:47:13,679
i actually started out with an

2812
01:47:18,470 --> 01:47:16,159
undergraduate in astronomy

2813
01:47:20,870 --> 01:47:18,480
but in my final year i took a class in

2814
01:47:23,430 --> 01:47:20,880
planter geology and my professor was a

2815
01:47:26,629 --> 01:47:23,440
volcanologist and that's where i decided

2816
01:47:28,310 --> 01:47:26,639
to go into geology and volcanology

2817
01:47:29,990 --> 01:47:28,320
how about those of you who have been in

2818
01:47:32,070 --> 01:47:30,000
line management positions and you're

2819
01:47:33,590 --> 01:47:32,080
looking at students and

2820
01:47:35,750 --> 01:47:33,600
graduates

2821
01:47:37,669 --> 01:47:35,760
how do you look at

2822
01:47:39,990 --> 01:47:37,679
undergraduate degree versus advanced

2823
01:47:42,070 --> 01:47:40,000
degree versus phds

2824
01:47:43,669 --> 01:47:42,080
because that i can comment from my own

2825
01:47:45,189 --> 01:47:43,679
personal experience i did an

2826
01:47:46,550 --> 01:47:45,199
undergraduate degree in aerospace

2827
01:47:49,350 --> 01:47:46,560
engineering

2828
01:47:51,270 --> 01:47:49,360
but that curriculum was

2829
01:47:53,910 --> 01:47:51,280
broad engineering and then broad

2830
01:47:56,070 --> 01:47:53,920
aerospace engineering it wasn't until my

2831
01:47:58,310 --> 01:47:56,080
master's degree that i was able to focus

2832
01:48:00,470 --> 01:47:58,320
in on dynamics and control of spacecraft

2833
01:48:03,830 --> 01:48:00,480
and so having that opportunity to do a

2834
01:48:05,990 --> 01:48:03,840
masters in a particular area was made it

2835
01:48:08,229 --> 01:48:06,000
much easier for me to look at jpl and

2836
01:48:10,149 --> 01:48:08,239
decide what part of jpl i was most

2837
01:48:11,270 --> 01:48:10,159
interested in applying to when i was

2838
01:48:13,750 --> 01:48:11,280
graduating

2839
01:48:14,790 --> 01:48:13,760
from my master's program so i would

2840
01:48:17,270 --> 01:48:14,800
encourage

2841
01:48:19,430 --> 01:48:17,280
folks to think of the masters and phd

2842
01:48:20,709 --> 01:48:19,440
opportunities as ones where you can

2843
01:48:22,709 --> 01:48:20,719
actually

2844
01:48:25,430 --> 01:48:22,719
specialize dive deeper into your

2845
01:48:26,470 --> 01:48:25,440
technical interests maybe try something

2846
01:48:29,109 --> 01:48:26,480
different

2847
01:48:32,870 --> 01:48:29,119
as illustrated by meg's career but it

2848
01:48:35,830 --> 01:48:32,880
really does pay off in many perspectives

2849
01:48:37,030 --> 01:48:35,840
i think oh go ahead i'd like to add that

2850
01:48:39,030 --> 01:48:37,040
i think

2851
01:48:41,430 --> 01:48:39,040
getting the an advanced degree helps to

2852
01:48:44,790 --> 01:48:41,440
open up your mind to what you don't know

2853
01:48:46,629 --> 01:48:44,800
that when i uh see people who stop at a

2854
01:48:48,149 --> 01:48:46,639
master's degree and then want to solve

2855
01:48:49,750 --> 01:48:48,159
the universe

2856
01:48:51,350 --> 01:48:49,760
that it was that extra step of getting a

2857
01:48:53,109 --> 01:48:51,360
phd that helped me to understand that

2858
01:48:55,590 --> 01:48:53,119
there's so much more and to be

2859
01:48:56,709 --> 01:48:55,600
respectful of the areas that i that i

2860
01:48:58,310 --> 01:48:56,719
don't know

2861
01:48:59,910 --> 01:48:58,320
and make sure i have someone on my team

2862
01:49:02,149 --> 01:48:59,920
who can cover that and not think that i

2863
01:49:03,990 --> 01:49:02,159
can do all those things myself

2864
01:49:06,310 --> 01:49:04,000
i'd like to offer from my perspective as

2865
01:49:08,229 --> 01:49:06,320
a hiring manager and for my own personal

2866
01:49:10,629 --> 01:49:08,239
experience there's different ways you

2867
01:49:11,910 --> 01:49:10,639
can go about getting advanced degrees

2868
01:49:13,990 --> 01:49:11,920
you don't have to stay in school

2869
01:49:16,870 --> 01:49:14,000
continuously as a bachelor's and go

2870
01:49:18,870 --> 01:49:16,880
right into a master's or phd program

2871
01:49:20,550 --> 01:49:18,880
i know i i came to jpl after my

2872
01:49:22,629 --> 01:49:20,560
bachelor's degree

2873
01:49:24,550 --> 01:49:22,639
and had a chance to sort of see how my

2874
01:49:26,790 --> 01:49:24,560
education was applied in a working

2875
01:49:29,189 --> 01:49:26,800
environment and and how the things that

2876
01:49:30,709 --> 01:49:29,199
i learned what what parts of those were

2877
01:49:33,030 --> 01:49:30,719
important in the in the work world and

2878
01:49:34,790 --> 01:49:33,040
the application to spacecraft design

2879
01:49:36,310 --> 01:49:34,800
then i chose to go back to school after

2880
01:49:38,149 --> 01:49:36,320
a couple of years of working and i was

2881
01:49:40,870 --> 01:49:38,159
able to focus in on what i really wanted

2882
01:49:42,950 --> 01:49:40,880
to do and it made me a better student in

2883
01:49:45,510 --> 01:49:42,960
a graduate program having had some work

2884
01:49:49,510 --> 01:49:45,520
experience so

2885
01:49:50,950 --> 01:49:49,520
jpl hires a lot of bachelor students but

2886
01:49:52,629 --> 01:49:50,960
we have

2887
01:49:54,550 --> 01:49:52,639
you know good programs and and the

2888
01:49:56,790 --> 01:49:54,560
encouragement to continue to go back and

2889
01:49:58,550 --> 01:49:56,800
learn either through an academic program

2890
01:50:00,709 --> 01:49:58,560
or through professional development in

2891
01:50:04,229 --> 01:50:00,719
whatever company you might

2892
01:50:05,510 --> 01:50:04,239
hire into is absolutely important and

2893
01:50:07,270 --> 01:50:05,520
there's different ways to do it you

2894
01:50:09,350 --> 01:50:07,280
don't have to stay in school

2895
01:50:10,550 --> 01:50:09,360
until you get the final degree

2896
01:50:12,950 --> 01:50:10,560
getting a little work experience

2897
01:50:15,109 --> 01:50:12,960
sprinkled in there is is also a good

2898
01:50:17,830 --> 01:50:15,119
piece of advice yeah i want to add you

2899
01:50:19,910 --> 01:50:17,840
know to to kendra's statement

2900
01:50:22,390 --> 01:50:19,920
as the line managers i found out you

2901
01:50:25,109 --> 01:50:22,400
know a lot of students they even before

2902
01:50:27,109 --> 01:50:25,119
they complete the bachelor degree jpo do

2903
01:50:29,990 --> 01:50:27,119
offer different type of programs such as

2904
01:50:32,229 --> 01:50:30,000
a summer intern or we call academic

2905
01:50:34,390 --> 01:50:32,239
part-time in a program especially for

2906
01:50:36,470 --> 01:50:34,400
local universities it really gives them

2907
01:50:38,550 --> 01:50:36,480
an opportunity to just come in and have

2908
01:50:40,550 --> 01:50:38,560
a hands-on experience and at the same

2909
01:50:42,149 --> 01:50:40,560
time you can just decide if it's really

2910
01:50:45,109 --> 01:50:42,159
this is really the career path you want

2911
01:50:46,950 --> 01:50:45,119
to take okay and then they probably you

2912
01:50:48,950 --> 01:50:46,960
know can get a job as a bachelor degree

2913
01:50:50,229 --> 01:50:48,960
coming in and decide two years later i

2914
01:50:52,070 --> 01:50:50,239
want to go back and for a master's

2915
01:50:53,990 --> 01:50:52,080
degree so there are different ways

2916
01:50:55,830 --> 01:50:54,000
approaching it and a lot of opportunity

2917
01:50:57,430 --> 01:50:55,840
for the students

2918
01:51:00,149 --> 01:50:57,440
so the next question i have i want to

2919
01:51:01,990 --> 01:51:00,159
direct to the scientists here diane i

2920
01:51:05,510 --> 01:51:02,000
mentioned that you were

2921
01:51:07,990 --> 01:51:05,520
a chief scientist you were a pi

2922
01:51:10,149 --> 01:51:08,000
and you're a pi

2923
01:51:12,390 --> 01:51:10,159
sorry claudia and rosalie you're a

2924
01:51:15,189 --> 01:51:12,400
planetary scientist what does doing

2925
01:51:17,430 --> 01:51:15,199
research at jpl entail and what is that

2926
01:51:19,830 --> 01:51:17,440
like as a career sort of the highs and

2927
01:51:22,310 --> 01:51:19,840
lows that you might have experienced and

2928
01:51:24,229 --> 01:51:22,320
hallmarks that you have from that

2929
01:51:25,109 --> 01:51:24,239
let's start with you like if i can start

2930
01:51:27,669 --> 01:51:25,119
um

2931
01:51:28,950 --> 01:51:27,679
you know the the role is that well

2932
01:51:31,350 --> 01:51:28,960
there are lots of different roles that

2933
01:51:34,229 --> 01:51:31,360
the scientists play here um from my own

2934
01:51:35,910 --> 01:51:34,239
personal uh perspective i have always

2935
01:51:37,830 --> 01:51:35,920
done my own research

2936
01:51:40,229 --> 01:51:37,840
and then but but actually one of the

2937
01:51:42,149 --> 01:51:40,239
things that i found early on

2938
01:51:44,310 --> 01:51:42,159
maybe even more satisfying

2939
01:51:46,870 --> 01:51:44,320
was to be a bridge to the outside

2940
01:51:48,470 --> 01:51:46,880
community because after you're at jpl

2941
01:51:50,790 --> 01:51:48,480
for a while you

2942
01:51:52,950 --> 01:51:50,800
really get to learn

2943
01:51:54,149 --> 01:51:52,960
how important engineering is and to make

2944
01:51:55,589 --> 01:51:54,159
things happen

2945
01:51:57,589 --> 01:51:55,599
and so

2946
01:52:00,149 --> 01:51:57,599
we're very lucky here that we have such

2947
01:52:01,830 --> 01:52:00,159
an incredible engineering staff and so

2948
01:52:04,629 --> 01:52:01,840
so i really thought one of the exciting

2949
01:52:06,629 --> 01:52:04,639
things was to introduce the external

2950
01:52:08,790 --> 01:52:06,639
science community to some extent to the

2951
01:52:11,430 --> 01:52:08,800
incredible technology and engineering

2952
01:52:13,270 --> 01:52:11,440
capabilities jpl had and that's uh you

2953
01:52:14,870 --> 01:52:13,280
know i was able to do that

2954
01:52:17,189 --> 01:52:14,880
through being a project scientist and

2955
01:52:19,669 --> 01:52:17,199
then and then certainly in my role now

2956
01:52:21,430 --> 01:52:19,679
that's one of the the most fun i have is

2957
01:52:23,750 --> 01:52:21,440
is people getting so excited about the

2958
01:52:26,629 --> 01:52:23,760
capabilities we have here at jpl to to

2959
01:52:28,950 --> 01:52:26,639
make their science possible

2960
01:52:31,189 --> 01:52:28,960
so when i moved into my new neighborhood

2961
01:52:33,109 --> 01:52:31,199
i i met my neighbors and two of them

2962
01:52:35,750 --> 01:52:33,119
told me they were scientists and i first

2963
01:52:36,709 --> 01:52:35,760
i laughed i was like who does that

2964
01:52:44,149 --> 01:52:36,719
and

2965
01:52:46,229 --> 01:52:44,159
then i i asked one of what they they

2966
01:52:48,149 --> 01:52:46,239
told me that they studied the rings of

2967
01:52:50,070 --> 01:52:48,159
saturn and then i really laughed it's

2968
01:52:51,750 --> 01:52:50,080
like you you actually get paid to do

2969
01:52:54,070 --> 01:52:51,760
this

2970
01:52:56,709 --> 01:52:54,080
rosalie to tell us about planetary

2971
01:52:58,390 --> 01:52:56,719
amazing thing we get paid to do work

2972
01:53:00,870 --> 01:52:58,400
that we really love

2973
01:53:03,990 --> 01:53:00,880
i came to jpl because i really wanted to

2974
01:53:06,229 --> 01:53:04,000
become involved in missions i really

2975
01:53:08,629 --> 01:53:06,239
like this feeling of exploration of

2976
01:53:10,709 --> 01:53:08,639
sending a spacecraft somewhere that we

2977
01:53:14,229 --> 01:53:10,719
haven't been before and finding out

2978
01:53:17,030 --> 01:53:14,239
things that we didn't know about and i

2979
01:53:19,510 --> 01:53:17,040
was i came to jp i was a postdoc i was

2980
01:53:21,430 --> 01:53:19,520
living in england at the time and i had

2981
01:53:23,910 --> 01:53:21,440
the chance to come here for two years

2982
01:53:25,510 --> 01:53:23,920
and now 22 years later

2983
01:53:27,109 --> 01:53:25,520
i'm still here

2984
01:53:29,350 --> 01:53:27,119
and then

2985
01:53:32,149 --> 01:53:29,360
during my post-doc i got to know people

2986
01:53:35,030 --> 01:53:32,159
who were working on the galileo project

2987
01:53:36,470 --> 01:53:35,040
with uh the infrared instrument

2988
01:53:38,229 --> 01:53:36,480
and

2989
01:53:40,470 --> 01:53:38,239
you know i became interested in what

2990
01:53:42,310 --> 01:53:40,480
they were doing and they liked me and

2991
01:53:44,470 --> 01:53:42,320
they offered me a job

2992
01:53:46,790 --> 01:53:44,480
and in fact i had never worked with an

2993
01:53:47,669 --> 01:53:46,800
infrared instrument before

2994
01:53:50,070 --> 01:53:47,679
but

2995
01:53:51,990 --> 01:53:50,080
luckily the principal investigators said

2996
01:53:55,189 --> 01:53:52,000
oh don't worry you learn very quickly

2997
01:53:58,470 --> 01:53:55,199
and in fact i jumped in and i did learn

2998
01:54:00,629 --> 01:53:58,480
and after that project came to an end in

2999
01:54:03,750 --> 01:54:00,639
fact um you know marge and i were

3000
01:54:06,790 --> 01:54:03,760
working on the same project on galileo

3001
01:54:09,270 --> 01:54:06,800
and after that came to an end i actually

3002
01:54:11,350 --> 01:54:09,280
joined the cassini mission which is now

3003
01:54:13,669 --> 01:54:11,360
around saturn and has the scientists who

3004
01:54:15,990 --> 01:54:13,679
are studying the rings of saturn but now

3005
01:54:19,510 --> 01:54:16,000
i'm working on a radar instrument that's

3006
01:54:20,390 --> 01:54:19,520
diane's specialty and again at first i

3007
01:54:22,790 --> 01:54:20,400
thought

3008
01:54:25,430 --> 01:54:22,800
i really don't know anything about radar

3009
01:54:27,589 --> 01:54:25,440
but again the answer was you know you

3010
01:54:30,070 --> 01:54:27,599
learned so i think that

3011
01:54:32,709 --> 01:54:30,080
there is this uh it's a challenge in a

3012
01:54:33,830 --> 01:54:32,719
way but you jump in and do the best you

3013
01:54:35,830 --> 01:54:33,840
can and

3014
01:54:37,990 --> 01:54:35,840
and i think it makes you a better

3015
01:54:41,350 --> 01:54:38,000
scientist when you're broader

3016
01:54:42,870 --> 01:54:41,360
yeah let me throw in uh that um one of

3017
01:54:45,350 --> 01:54:42,880
the differences with an academic

3018
01:54:47,270 --> 01:54:45,360
scientist is that and they tell you you

3019
01:54:49,109 --> 01:54:47,280
know oh it's just like being a professor

3020
01:54:51,030 --> 01:54:49,119
except that you have missions instead of

3021
01:54:52,470 --> 01:54:51,040
committees and all that other stuff that

3022
01:54:54,950 --> 01:54:52,480
professors do

3023
01:54:56,470 --> 01:54:54,960
um and at first when you rosley and i

3024
01:54:58,149 --> 01:54:56,480
kind of started together and it's

3025
01:55:00,229 --> 01:54:58,159
actually quite difficult to go back and

3026
01:55:01,990 --> 01:55:00,239
forth between the mission work and the

3027
01:55:03,350 --> 01:55:02,000
kind of publication work that you do the

3028
01:55:04,629 --> 01:55:03,360
publisher parish

3029
01:55:07,189 --> 01:55:04,639
environment

3030
01:55:09,350 --> 01:55:07,199
and so that's a a little bit hard to

3031
01:55:11,510 --> 01:55:09,360
deal with but then after you kind of

3032
01:55:13,350 --> 01:55:11,520
make the adjustment you are

3033
01:55:15,589 --> 01:55:13,360
part of you know the nation's

3034
01:55:17,669 --> 01:55:15,599
exploration program and you're doing

3035
01:55:19,990 --> 01:55:17,679
what diane talked about the beautiful

3036
01:55:23,270 --> 01:55:20,000
marriage of science and engineering that

3037
01:55:25,910 --> 01:55:23,280
is unique to jpl and it becomes uh an

3038
01:55:27,430 --> 01:55:25,920
incredible uh and incredible uh career

3039
01:55:29,430 --> 01:55:27,440
path

3040
01:55:31,589 --> 01:55:29,440
so our lab director he while he didn't

3041
01:55:34,470 --> 01:55:31,599
say it today he usually does

3042
01:55:37,750 --> 01:55:34,480
to to our workforce and others that we

3043
01:55:40,310 --> 01:55:37,760
do hear what is impossible what the rest

3044
01:55:42,629 --> 01:55:40,320
of the world cannot do

3045
01:55:44,310 --> 01:55:42,639
the problems don't come to us unless

3046
01:55:46,390 --> 01:55:44,320
they're unsolvable

3047
01:55:48,709 --> 01:55:46,400
and so i'll direct my first question

3048
01:55:50,629 --> 01:55:48,719
question on this to kendra you know how

3049
01:55:52,390 --> 01:55:50,639
do we inspire the people here to

3050
01:55:54,950 --> 01:55:52,400
actually solve the unsolvable as a

3051
01:56:00,229 --> 01:55:56,550
i would have to say the the first thing

3052
01:56:01,750 --> 01:56:00,239
we do is we hire very very smart people

3053
01:56:04,629 --> 01:56:01,760
i don't know how you could put that in a

3054
01:56:05,510 --> 01:56:04,639
job application or a job description but

3055
01:56:07,510 --> 01:56:05,520
um

3056
01:56:10,470 --> 01:56:07,520
but we try and hire the the best and the

3057
01:56:12,310 --> 01:56:10,480
brightest that we can across the nation

3058
01:56:14,149 --> 01:56:12,320
and usually what comes along with that

3059
01:56:15,030 --> 01:56:14,159
is a lot of passion for what they want

3060
01:56:17,030 --> 01:56:15,040
to do

3061
01:56:18,629 --> 01:56:17,040
whether it's the mechanical engineering

3062
01:56:21,430 --> 01:56:18,639
or the science or the electrical

3063
01:56:24,950 --> 01:56:21,440
engineering and that passion is really

3064
01:56:26,709 --> 01:56:24,960
the internal motivation uh for them to

3065
01:56:29,189 --> 01:56:26,719
do the impossible

3066
01:56:31,109 --> 01:56:29,199
we uh we have a lot of people that are

3067
01:56:32,709 --> 01:56:31,119
personally dedicated that will come on

3068
01:56:34,149 --> 01:56:32,719
in on the weekends because they know

3069
01:56:35,830 --> 01:56:34,159
there's a tough problem that needs to be

3070
01:56:39,990 --> 01:56:35,840
solved and they just can't stop thinking

3071
01:56:41,510 --> 01:56:40,000
about it um so to start with we have a

3072
01:56:43,910 --> 01:56:41,520
we have a workforce that doesn't need a

3073
01:56:45,669 --> 01:56:43,920
lot of inspiration uh they come with

3074
01:56:47,669 --> 01:56:45,679
that built in

3075
01:56:51,189 --> 01:56:47,679
but once they get into

3076
01:56:53,510 --> 01:56:51,199
uh project work at jpl uh the demands of

3077
01:56:56,390 --> 01:56:53,520
a mission and a flight project are are

3078
01:56:58,149 --> 01:56:56,400
pretty high um there's a launch window

3079
01:57:00,629 --> 01:56:58,159
that has to be met there's not a lot of

3080
01:57:02,149 --> 01:57:00,639
extra time to sort of noodle around on

3081
01:57:03,830 --> 01:57:02,159
on tough problems and you've got to get

3082
01:57:05,589 --> 01:57:03,840
a solution that's the whole point of

3083
01:57:08,229 --> 01:57:05,599
engineering is is building something

3084
01:57:10,070 --> 01:57:08,239
that that does what you want it to do

3085
01:57:12,550 --> 01:57:10,080
and so the inspiration or the leadership

3086
01:57:13,990 --> 01:57:12,560
that that people can can apply

3087
01:57:16,470 --> 01:57:14,000
throughout a mission is to make sure

3088
01:57:17,910 --> 01:57:16,480
people are uh enjoying what they're

3089
01:57:20,950 --> 01:57:17,920
doing they're well matched to their

3090
01:57:22,629 --> 01:57:20,960
talents and that you continue to

3091
01:57:24,550 --> 01:57:22,639
let them know the importance of the work

3092
01:57:26,709 --> 01:57:24,560
that they're doing and

3093
01:57:28,550 --> 01:57:26,719
that the contributions they're making on

3094
01:57:30,470 --> 01:57:28,560
an individual one by one basis are

3095
01:57:32,629 --> 01:57:30,480
incredibly valuable to the overall

3096
01:57:35,830 --> 01:57:32,639
result and the overall goal the the

3097
01:57:37,589 --> 01:57:35,840
first panel this morning talked about uh

3098
01:57:39,430 --> 01:57:37,599
we all have a role to play on a team

3099
01:57:41,510 --> 01:57:39,440
it's you know we're we're achieving

3100
01:57:44,470 --> 01:57:41,520
something as a as a group that's bigger

3101
01:57:46,390 --> 01:57:44,480
than anything we can do by ourselves and

3102
01:57:49,350 --> 01:57:46,400
knowing that you played one particular

3103
01:57:51,669 --> 01:57:49,360
role on that team uh can be very

3104
01:57:53,109 --> 01:57:51,679
inspiring to people and so that's that's

3105
01:57:55,910 --> 01:57:53,119
sort of the environment that you need to

3106
01:57:57,510 --> 01:57:55,920
create when you want people to to give

3107
01:57:59,430 --> 01:57:57,520
their heart and soul to the job that

3108
01:58:01,109 --> 01:57:59,440
they're that they're doing so that's

3109
01:58:03,669 --> 01:58:01,119
what we have here

3110
01:58:05,430 --> 01:58:03,679
so do you see that do do women bring

3111
01:58:08,149 --> 01:58:05,440
different characteristics to those teams

3112
01:58:09,430 --> 01:58:08,159
and success than men or or is it neutral

3113
01:58:11,669 --> 01:58:09,440
in the workplace

3114
01:58:14,149 --> 01:58:11,679
what do you find in terms of the the

3115
01:58:17,270 --> 01:58:14,159
characteristics that people bring

3116
01:58:19,589 --> 01:58:17,280
i'll go ahead and follow up um it takes

3117
01:58:20,790 --> 01:58:19,599
all kinds of people to succeed on a

3118
01:58:22,709 --> 01:58:20,800
mission

3119
01:58:26,870 --> 01:58:22,719
it takes the very deep intellectual

3120
01:58:28,950 --> 01:58:26,880
thinkers it takes the very creative and

3121
01:58:31,430 --> 01:58:28,960
blue sky thinkers

3122
01:58:32,870 --> 01:58:31,440
it takes the people that are

3123
01:58:35,669 --> 01:58:32,880
very good with

3124
01:58:38,229 --> 01:58:35,679
with hand assembly of of the hardware

3125
01:58:40,229 --> 01:58:38,239
that we build it also takes people that

3126
01:58:42,070 --> 01:58:40,239
that can think uh think through a

3127
01:58:46,470 --> 01:58:42,080
problem that's uh that nobody's ever

3128
01:58:48,390 --> 01:58:46,480
solved before it also takes all kinds of

3129
01:58:51,109 --> 01:58:48,400
demographics and one of those

3130
01:58:52,950 --> 01:58:51,119
demographics is gender and you have to

3131
01:58:55,189 --> 01:58:52,960
recognize that people bring different

3132
01:58:57,589 --> 01:58:55,199
perspectives to a team there are shy

3133
01:58:59,589 --> 01:58:57,599
introverted people there are outgoing

3134
01:59:01,830 --> 01:58:59,599
people there are men there are women

3135
01:59:03,830 --> 01:59:01,840
there are senior highly experienced

3136
01:59:05,750 --> 01:59:03,840
people there are young people of of you

3137
01:59:07,589 --> 01:59:05,760
know the new generation

3138
01:59:10,070 --> 01:59:07,599
and it's that mix of different

3139
01:59:11,430 --> 01:59:10,080
perspectives on the problem

3140
01:59:13,270 --> 01:59:11,440
that

3141
01:59:15,510 --> 01:59:13,280
go towards success

3142
01:59:17,510 --> 01:59:15,520
and one of those differences is gender

3143
01:59:19,350 --> 01:59:17,520
and you have to recognize that women do

3144
01:59:20,790 --> 01:59:19,360
approach a problem a little differently

3145
01:59:22,550 --> 01:59:20,800
they have different

3146
01:59:24,870 --> 01:59:22,560
social interaction

3147
01:59:27,350 --> 01:59:24,880
approaches and that's just one of the

3148
01:59:29,030 --> 01:59:27,360
things that contributes to success but

3149
01:59:31,109 --> 01:59:29,040
it's not the only thing

3150
01:59:33,750 --> 01:59:31,119
let me throw in something because when i

3151
01:59:35,510 --> 01:59:33,760
first became a manager at jpl i actually

3152
01:59:38,310 --> 01:59:35,520
had some women take me aside and say

3153
01:59:40,149 --> 01:59:38,320
don't worry if your management style is

3154
01:59:42,950 --> 01:59:40,159
decidedly different from the guys who

3155
01:59:44,310 --> 01:59:42,960
you work with and i was going into a

3156
01:59:46,390 --> 01:59:44,320
division here at jpl where they were

3157
01:59:48,149 --> 01:59:46,400
mostly male managers

3158
01:59:49,189 --> 01:59:48,159
and i was a little bit nervous about

3159
01:59:51,589 --> 01:59:49,199
that

3160
01:59:54,310 --> 01:59:51,599
i tend to be a team builder and i really

3161
01:59:55,830 --> 01:59:54,320
am work on consensus building

3162
01:59:58,390 --> 01:59:55,840
and there's another management style

3163
01:59:59,910 --> 01:59:58,400
called top down and a lot of our

3164
02:00:01,589 --> 01:59:59,920
guys are more

3165
02:00:04,310 --> 02:00:01,599
uh comfortable with that style of

3166
02:00:06,950 --> 02:00:04,320
management um but i have learned really

3167
02:00:09,589 --> 02:00:06,960
that it's more personality oriented that

3168
02:00:11,270 --> 02:00:09,599
is not necessarily a gender issue

3169
02:00:12,390 --> 02:00:11,280
so it took me a while to learn that

3170
02:00:14,550 --> 02:00:12,400
though

3171
02:00:16,709 --> 02:00:14,560
yeah i totally agree and i agree with

3172
02:00:18,629 --> 02:00:16,719
what kendra said it takes all kinds of

3173
02:00:19,990 --> 02:00:18,639
people and that's what makes a team

3174
02:00:22,229 --> 02:00:20,000
successful

3175
02:00:24,149 --> 02:00:22,239
and what you said earlier about doing

3176
02:00:26,310 --> 02:00:24,159
things that are impossible

3177
02:00:29,669 --> 02:00:26,320
i started out on the galileo mission

3178
02:00:32,470 --> 02:00:29,679
that margin claudia were on and that

3179
02:00:34,229 --> 02:00:32,480
mission had a lot of problems in fact at

3180
02:00:36,870 --> 02:00:34,239
times it looked like

3181
02:00:39,910 --> 02:00:36,880
it was impossible and what was so

3182
02:00:42,550 --> 02:00:39,920
inspiring about being a jpl was that you

3183
02:00:44,550 --> 02:00:42,560
know nothing was impossible we just got

3184
02:00:47,589 --> 02:00:44,560
people together and teams together the

3185
02:00:49,910 --> 02:00:47,599
engineering the teams the science teams

3186
02:00:52,229 --> 02:00:49,920
and we just solved all the problems and

3187
02:00:54,310 --> 02:00:52,239
we did the mission perhaps a little bit

3188
02:00:57,189 --> 02:00:54,320
differently than the for example our

3189
02:00:59,669 --> 02:00:57,199
main communications antenna

3190
02:01:02,390 --> 02:00:59,679
didn't open so instead of taking a

3191
02:01:04,790 --> 02:01:02,400
zillion images for example you had to

3192
02:01:07,510 --> 02:01:04,800
think very carefully about which ones to

3193
02:01:11,750 --> 02:01:07,520
take that would answer your science

3194
02:01:13,589 --> 02:01:11,760
questions so i likened it before to um a

3195
02:01:16,550 --> 02:01:13,599
lot of missions are like a tourist with

3196
02:01:18,629 --> 02:01:16,560
a point-and-shoot camera and galileo was

3197
02:01:20,870 --> 02:01:18,639
like and so adam's you know really

3198
02:01:23,830 --> 02:01:20,880
planning everything

3199
02:01:26,950 --> 02:01:23,840
but so it took a lot of creativity but

3200
02:01:29,990 --> 02:01:26,960
what at one time looked impossible

3201
02:01:32,550 --> 02:01:30,000
because of some engineering problems in

3202
02:01:35,030 --> 02:01:32,560
the end i think made the mission more

3203
02:01:37,589 --> 02:01:35,040
successful

3204
02:01:39,669 --> 02:01:37,599
i've always wanted to do uh interview of

3205
02:01:41,750 --> 02:01:39,679
the people that work here and sort of

3206
02:01:43,510 --> 02:01:41,760
what you know why did you come here when

3207
02:01:45,109 --> 02:01:43,520
at what point in your career in your

3208
02:01:47,189 --> 02:01:45,119
life did you know this is what you

3209
02:01:48,629 --> 02:01:47,199
wanted to do and i'm sure there's an

3210
02:01:52,070 --> 02:01:48,639
audience here of people that aren't

3211
02:01:55,990 --> 02:01:53,750
how did you decide and i'll start with

3212
02:01:57,669 --> 02:01:56,000
you liz at what point did you decide

3213
02:01:59,910 --> 02:01:57,679
this is what you wanted to do and what

3214
02:02:01,350 --> 02:01:59,920
factors play into that and how does it

3215
02:02:02,950 --> 02:02:01,360
happen

3216
02:02:04,629 --> 02:02:02,960
let me tell you i think my story might

3217
02:02:08,709 --> 02:02:04,639
be very different

3218
02:02:11,030 --> 02:02:08,719
than my fellow panelists over here

3219
02:02:13,189 --> 02:02:11,040
actually for me it's by luck

3220
02:02:15,750 --> 02:02:13,199
i didn't know i didn't know that i'm

3221
02:02:17,990 --> 02:02:15,760
going to be working at jpl

3222
02:02:20,629 --> 02:02:18,000
at the very beginning because i started

3223
02:02:22,629 --> 02:02:20,639
with a business administration degree

3224
02:02:24,790 --> 02:02:22,639
my first year for college and just

3225
02:02:27,350 --> 02:02:24,800
happened that i did well in the

3226
02:02:30,629 --> 02:02:27,360
mathematic and programming class

3227
02:02:32,390 --> 02:02:30,639
so my professor that time said hey why

3228
02:02:34,550 --> 02:02:32,400
not double major

3229
02:02:36,870 --> 02:02:34,560
i say wow private school four years i

3230
02:02:39,350 --> 02:02:36,880
had to finish

3231
02:02:40,149 --> 02:02:39,360
but i did it i did it um

3232
02:02:44,229 --> 02:02:40,159
so

3233
02:02:46,709 --> 02:02:44,239
i kind of had to decide if i want to you

3234
02:02:47,990 --> 02:02:46,719
know go to in a technical field or do i

3235
02:02:51,030 --> 02:02:48,000
want to be

3236
02:02:53,109 --> 02:02:51,040
a buyer for macy's

3237
02:02:55,510 --> 02:02:53,119
and that is a true story

3238
02:02:57,669 --> 02:02:55,520
and and it just happened that at that

3239
02:03:00,950 --> 02:02:57,679
time before i graduated i was hired as

3240
02:03:03,109 --> 02:03:00,960
an intern and i started a project and i

3241
02:03:05,589 --> 02:03:03,119
really really have fun and inspired by a

3242
02:03:07,270 --> 02:03:05,599
lot of people over here at jpl and it's

3243
02:03:09,830 --> 02:03:07,280
really the opportunity that they have

3244
02:03:11,669 --> 02:03:09,840
given me and helped me decide what my

3245
02:03:13,270 --> 02:03:11,679
career path is going to be

3246
02:03:16,070 --> 02:03:13,280
so a lot of times you know you start

3247
02:03:17,830 --> 02:03:16,080
with something very different and along

3248
02:03:20,070 --> 02:03:17,840
the way you have people helping you and

3249
02:03:22,709 --> 02:03:20,080
mentoring you and at that moment you

3250
02:03:24,229 --> 02:03:22,719
start deciding um so

3251
02:03:25,830 --> 02:03:24,239
you think that you know my business

3252
02:03:27,270 --> 02:03:25,840
degree probably is totally you can just

3253
02:03:29,589 --> 02:03:27,280
you know toss it and it's not going to

3254
02:03:32,310 --> 02:03:29,599
be useful in this environment

3255
02:03:34,550 --> 02:03:32,320
for this environment particularly even

3256
02:03:36,470 --> 02:03:34,560
though it's very scientifically focused

3257
02:03:38,550 --> 02:03:36,480
um leadership skill

3258
02:03:40,950 --> 02:03:38,560
and business administration you know

3259
02:03:42,629 --> 02:03:40,960
knowledge it become critical especially

3260
02:03:44,629 --> 02:03:42,639
you're managing a large in the

3261
02:03:47,109 --> 02:03:44,639
organization um

3262
02:03:48,870 --> 02:03:47,119
retaining you know right people and get

3263
02:03:51,510 --> 02:03:48,880
the people together create the right

3264
02:03:53,189 --> 02:03:51,520
capabilities and moving forward having

3265
02:03:55,830 --> 02:03:53,199
having that vision

3266
02:03:58,229 --> 02:03:55,840
so all those things uh you know not just

3267
02:04:00,709 --> 02:03:58,239
you know what you learn at that moment

3268
02:04:01,910 --> 02:04:00,719
and it's really how you infuse it and

3269
02:04:04,149 --> 02:04:01,920
apply it

3270
02:04:06,149 --> 02:04:04,159
um so that's just my little story very

3271
02:04:08,229 --> 02:04:06,159
different but i bet you know it's funny

3272
02:04:09,350 --> 02:04:08,239
how you find out that um you actually

3273
02:04:10,390 --> 02:04:09,360
have a lot more in common than you

3274
02:04:12,950 --> 02:04:10,400
thought

3275
02:04:14,870 --> 02:04:12,960
your story is almost identical to my own

3276
02:04:17,750 --> 02:04:14,880
i i always say that i was i'm here at

3277
02:04:19,910 --> 02:04:17,760
jpl by accident i i came from

3278
02:04:21,510 --> 02:04:19,920
what i would call a probably not a very

3279
02:04:23,669 --> 02:04:21,520
popular school a school that jp would

3280
02:04:25,669 --> 02:04:23,679
normally recruit from and i didn't know

3281
02:04:27,510 --> 02:04:25,679
a lot about jpl but i there was an

3282
02:04:29,350 --> 02:04:27,520
opportunity at my campus that invited us

3283
02:04:31,830 --> 02:04:29,360
to come and apply for a job here they

3284
02:04:34,550 --> 02:04:31,840
had two positions open and for co-op

3285
02:04:36,629 --> 02:04:34,560
students and as soon as i

3286
02:04:38,310 --> 02:04:36,639
saw the announcement i grabbed my

3287
02:04:40,149 --> 02:04:38,320
roommate and i said let's go and took

3288
02:04:42,950 --> 02:04:40,159
the oh the invitation down to make sure

3289
02:04:44,790 --> 02:04:42,960
nobody could go to california

3290
02:04:46,390 --> 02:04:44,800
our focus was getting to california and

3291
02:04:48,149 --> 02:04:46,400
it wasn't about jp all the time but i

3292
02:04:49,350 --> 02:04:48,159
can tell you when i got here as a co-op

3293
02:04:52,470 --> 02:04:49,360
student

3294
02:04:54,470 --> 02:04:52,480
it's it's a place like no other i um we

3295
02:04:56,149 --> 02:04:54,480
had people who helped us with our

3296
02:04:57,350 --> 02:04:56,159
homework i mean if you i remember

3297
02:04:58,870 --> 02:04:57,360
staying in school with tuition

3298
02:05:00,870 --> 02:04:58,880
reimbursement and going to school in the

3299
02:05:02,550 --> 02:05:00,880
evenings and taking on

3300
02:05:04,229 --> 02:05:02,560
my advanced studies as i mentioned

3301
02:05:05,990 --> 02:05:04,239
before and

3302
02:05:08,229 --> 02:05:06,000
how passionate the scientists were the

3303
02:05:10,629 --> 02:05:08,239
engineers were and helping

3304
02:05:12,390 --> 02:05:10,639
new people come along and uh

3305
02:05:13,430 --> 02:05:12,400
get business done and get on the right

3306
02:05:14,950 --> 02:05:13,440
path so

3307
02:05:16,390 --> 02:05:14,960
actually we're not that far not that

3308
02:05:17,589 --> 02:05:16,400
different but the environment is what

3309
02:05:18,629 --> 02:05:17,599
makes the difference and i'm so glad

3310
02:05:19,910 --> 02:05:18,639
that i did

3311
02:05:24,790 --> 02:05:19,920
take that sheet of paper down and

3312
02:05:30,629 --> 02:05:27,189
very good anybody who decided at five

3313
02:05:35,270 --> 02:05:33,990
i wanted to be an astronaut i still do

3314
02:05:37,430 --> 02:05:35,280
i applied

3315
02:05:40,470 --> 02:05:37,440
i didn't really make it so i'm still

3316
02:05:44,229 --> 02:05:42,070
i think i'm a little too old now to join

3317
02:05:46,390 --> 02:05:44,239
the astronaut corps but um

3318
02:05:48,310 --> 02:05:46,400
but you know my thought was i wanted to

3319
02:05:50,390 --> 02:05:48,320
be an astronaut

3320
02:05:51,830 --> 02:05:50,400
my dad was an engineer so i and i was

3321
02:05:53,830 --> 02:05:51,840
good with math and science all through

3322
02:05:55,430 --> 02:05:53,840
grade school so i i kind of knew what

3323
02:05:58,550 --> 02:05:55,440
path i was going to be on from the very

3324
02:05:59,990 --> 02:05:58,560
beginning and i i love outer space i'm

3325
02:06:02,870 --> 02:06:00,000
one of those engineers that looks at

3326
02:06:05,350 --> 02:06:02,880
what the scientists do with all and uh

3327
02:06:06,229 --> 02:06:05,360
and i'm glad i can help achieve their

3328
02:06:07,669 --> 02:06:06,239
vision

3329
02:06:09,270 --> 02:06:07,679
um

3330
02:06:10,870 --> 02:06:09,280
but uh you know

3331
02:06:13,350 --> 02:06:10,880
having a goal of being an astronaut

3332
02:06:15,910 --> 02:06:13,360
that's that's kind of a narrow top of

3333
02:06:17,910 --> 02:06:15,920
the pyramid and um and so you have to

3334
02:06:20,790 --> 02:06:17,920
sort of enjoy the journey on the way and

3335
02:06:23,109 --> 02:06:20,800
so jpl was the best place to to pursue

3336
02:06:24,709 --> 02:06:23,119
the passion of space and you know apply

3337
02:06:26,790 --> 02:06:24,719
it to the astronaut program on the site

3338
02:06:28,870 --> 02:06:26,800
but uh like i said i think i'm a little

3339
02:06:31,189 --> 02:06:28,880
too old for that now

3340
02:06:33,270 --> 02:06:31,199
well we have something in common i uh i

3341
02:06:35,830 --> 02:06:33,280
grew up with the apollo program and

3342
02:06:38,310 --> 02:06:35,840
again i wanted to become an astronaut

3343
02:06:40,870 --> 02:06:38,320
but i realized even from a very early

3344
02:06:43,270 --> 02:06:40,880
age that i had several problems one

3345
02:06:46,069 --> 02:06:43,280
being female at that time only one

3346
02:06:49,270 --> 02:06:46,079
russian woman had gone into space

3347
02:06:51,109 --> 02:06:49,280
the second i i'm brazilian i grew up in

3348
02:06:52,310 --> 02:06:51,119
brazil and there weren't any brazilian

3349
02:06:55,109 --> 02:06:52,320
astronauts

3350
02:06:58,629 --> 02:06:55,119
and and the third problem is that i have

3351
02:07:02,069 --> 02:06:58,639
terrible eyesight i wear contact lenses

3352
02:07:03,990 --> 02:07:02,079
so i decided in fact uh you know now the

3353
02:07:05,750 --> 02:07:04,000
first two problems don't matter but the

3354
02:07:08,310 --> 02:07:05,760
eyesight still matters

3355
02:07:10,550 --> 02:07:08,320
but so i decided from quite an early age

3356
02:07:12,550 --> 02:07:10,560
that i was going to do the next best

3357
02:07:15,830 --> 02:07:12,560
thing i was going to become a scientist

3358
02:07:19,510 --> 02:07:18,149
so um i think somebody this morning we

3359
02:07:22,310 --> 02:07:19,520
were talking about

3360
02:07:25,510 --> 02:07:22,320
in the earlier panel about mentors and

3361
02:07:27,669 --> 02:07:25,520
how they play a part and i know again

3362
02:07:28,950 --> 02:07:27,679
this audience may be interested in

3363
02:07:31,109 --> 02:07:28,960
really

3364
02:07:33,189 --> 02:07:31,119
what is a mentor relationship and how

3365
02:07:36,149 --> 02:07:33,199
does it help and what do you want out of

3366
02:07:38,830 --> 02:07:36,159
that relationship how does it help you

3367
02:07:41,669 --> 02:07:38,840
and i'll start that one over with you

3368
02:07:43,830 --> 02:07:41,679
meg i was very fortunate to have several

3369
02:07:45,990 --> 02:07:43,840
mentors in my career

3370
02:07:47,589 --> 02:07:46,000
the very first mentor i had i would say

3371
02:07:49,189 --> 02:07:47,599
i was in the 10th grade when my teacher

3372
02:07:52,069 --> 02:07:49,199
noticed that i was very good and very

3373
02:07:54,310 --> 02:07:52,079
strong in math and science when a lot of

3374
02:07:56,310 --> 02:07:54,320
people in our class would tend to go to

3375
02:07:57,910 --> 02:07:56,320
non-technical degrees in pursuits if

3376
02:07:59,589 --> 02:07:57,920
they went to college she strongly

3377
02:08:01,750 --> 02:07:59,599
encouraged me to to pursue math and

3378
02:08:03,430 --> 02:08:01,760
science and technology which i did and

3379
02:08:04,870 --> 02:08:03,440
so i would count her as my very first

3380
02:08:06,870 --> 02:08:04,880
mentor and that was putting me on the

3381
02:08:09,109 --> 02:08:06,880
path i think that brought me here but

3382
02:08:11,430 --> 02:08:09,119
when i got to jpl i actually

3383
02:08:13,750 --> 02:08:11,440
found two great mentors and they both

3384
02:08:15,189 --> 02:08:13,760
gave me two different um perspectives on

3385
02:08:16,790 --> 02:08:15,199
what my career could be and what my

3386
02:08:18,950 --> 02:08:16,800
career opportunities could be if i

3387
02:08:20,870 --> 02:08:18,960
created them myself actually the first

3388
02:08:22,629 --> 02:08:20,880
person that i remember his name was ek

3389
02:08:25,669 --> 02:08:22,639
davis he was a division manager here at

3390
02:08:27,430 --> 02:08:25,679
jpl and i remember when he told me he

3391
02:08:29,109 --> 02:08:27,440
said i think i noticed something in you

3392
02:08:30,550 --> 02:08:29,119
you're really good with um you have a

3393
02:08:33,109 --> 02:08:30,560
passion for people you have a passion

3394
02:08:35,189 --> 02:08:33,119
for working with teams and working on

3395
02:08:37,510 --> 02:08:35,199
teams i can see you in line management i

3396
02:08:38,950 --> 02:08:37,520
said oh yeah i can't wait one day i want

3397
02:08:40,310 --> 02:08:38,960
to be a group manager i can't wait he

3398
02:08:41,990 --> 02:08:40,320
says oh you got a dream bigger i want

3399
02:08:43,589 --> 02:08:42,000
your dream way bigger than that and

3400
02:08:45,270 --> 02:08:43,599
today i'm in a job that's bigger than a

3401
02:08:47,350 --> 02:08:45,280
job that he had which is amazing and i

3402
02:08:48,870 --> 02:08:47,360
did have the job that he had at the time

3403
02:08:51,109 --> 02:08:48,880
i wasn't thinking along that line but he

3404
02:08:52,390 --> 02:08:51,119
gave me some tips about line management

3405
02:08:54,550 --> 02:08:52,400
and how to pursue

3406
02:08:56,950 --> 02:08:54,560
opportunities there now a different

3407
02:08:59,350 --> 02:08:56,960
mentor that i also found at jpl was one

3408
02:09:00,790 --> 02:08:59,360
who was on the project side of the house

3409
02:09:03,350 --> 02:09:00,800
and that person talked about how

3410
02:09:05,430 --> 02:09:03,360
workflowed at jpl i was only at that

3411
02:09:07,430 --> 02:09:05,440
time i was very young engineer and

3412
02:09:09,669 --> 02:09:07,440
didn't know a lot about all of jpl i

3413
02:09:11,990 --> 02:09:09,679
knew about my organization i knew about

3414
02:09:13,910 --> 02:09:12,000
my group i knew about my my team but i

3415
02:09:16,310 --> 02:09:13,920
didn't know a lot about how workflow

3416
02:09:17,910 --> 02:09:16,320
through the through jpl as a business

3417
02:09:20,470 --> 02:09:17,920
and what he did is he sat down and he

3418
02:09:22,470 --> 02:09:20,480
showed me how work came into jpl he

3419
02:09:24,550 --> 02:09:22,480
showed me every directorate and every

3420
02:09:26,470 --> 02:09:24,560
directorate's purpose and getting the

3421
02:09:27,990 --> 02:09:26,480
bigger picture helped me see how i could

3422
02:09:29,189 --> 02:09:28,000
move around and navigate and when i

3423
02:09:31,030 --> 02:09:29,199
talked to you earlier about the fact

3424
02:09:33,669 --> 02:09:31,040
that i moved around i was able to do

3425
02:09:34,870 --> 02:09:33,679
that because this person said um here's

3426
02:09:36,709 --> 02:09:34,880
the kind of things you want to do you

3427
02:09:38,870 --> 02:09:36,719
want to get those experiences to prepare

3428
02:09:41,189 --> 02:09:38,880
you to become a line manager so i think

3429
02:09:43,589 --> 02:09:41,199
you look for different things based on

3430
02:09:45,109 --> 02:09:43,599
um where you are in your career and i

3431
02:09:48,229 --> 02:09:45,119
and i think that they can offer you know

3432
02:09:50,390 --> 02:09:48,239
coaching they can offer inspiration they

3433
02:09:53,109 --> 02:09:50,400
can also guide you technically into what

3434
02:09:55,430 --> 02:09:53,119
programs to take or which ones to avoid

3435
02:09:56,709 --> 02:09:55,440
and so i think that having mentors

3436
02:09:57,910 --> 02:09:56,719
though makes a huge difference and i

3437
02:09:59,669 --> 02:09:57,920
think that's one of the first things you

3438
02:10:01,189 --> 02:09:59,679
should think about doing when you join

3439
02:10:03,430 --> 02:10:01,199
any company any career i think you

3440
02:10:05,910 --> 02:10:03,440
should do that

3441
02:10:08,229 --> 02:10:05,920
other thoughts here other experiences i

3442
02:10:09,750 --> 02:10:08,239
i think mentors uh

3443
02:10:11,189 --> 02:10:09,760
i know no one's ever walked in my door

3444
02:10:13,350 --> 02:10:11,199
and said well you please mentor me i

3445
02:10:15,669 --> 02:10:13,360
think people choose each other

3446
02:10:17,830 --> 02:10:15,679
based on similarities of temperament and

3447
02:10:19,750 --> 02:10:17,840
personality you recognize someone who's

3448
02:10:20,709 --> 02:10:19,760
like you and you know how to advise that

3449
02:10:23,430 --> 02:10:20,719
person

3450
02:10:25,910 --> 02:10:23,440
so i had actually a project manager i

3451
02:10:28,550 --> 02:10:25,920
was yelling at someone on the phone

3452
02:10:30,310 --> 02:10:28,560
and this guy walked in my house and said

3453
02:10:31,830 --> 02:10:30,320
no you don't i don't ever want to hear

3454
02:10:34,390 --> 02:10:31,840
that tone of voice out of you again and

3455
02:10:35,750 --> 02:10:34,400
i have to admit i have this kind of 180

3456
02:10:37,910 --> 02:10:35,760
degrees the opposite of the

3457
02:10:39,669 --> 02:10:37,920
mild-mannered person

3458
02:10:42,149 --> 02:10:39,679
we don't ever really don't ever want to

3459
02:10:44,950 --> 02:10:42,159
see that person come out of its box

3460
02:10:47,270 --> 02:10:44,960
and he he actually then really then

3461
02:10:48,550 --> 02:10:47,280
started coaching me in a very profound

3462
02:10:50,550 --> 02:10:48,560
way so that was

3463
02:10:52,629 --> 02:10:50,560
that's how mentoring happens really but

3464
02:10:54,550 --> 02:10:52,639
it's important to recognize when that's

3465
02:10:56,470 --> 02:10:54,560
when that's happening and it's important

3466
02:10:58,790 --> 02:10:56,480
to seize on those opportunities i think

3467
02:11:00,390 --> 02:10:58,800
almost everyone at jpl agrees it's

3468
02:11:02,709 --> 02:11:00,400
impossible to have a successful career

3469
02:11:04,790 --> 02:11:02,719
without good mentoring

3470
02:11:07,990 --> 02:11:04,800
so someone who sees your potential

3471
02:11:10,470 --> 02:11:08,000
somebody who shows you how things work

3472
02:11:12,950 --> 02:11:10,480
how the work gets done and how it really

3473
02:11:14,709 --> 02:11:12,960
works aside from what the book says how

3474
02:11:16,790 --> 02:11:14,719
things really get done

3475
02:11:19,430 --> 02:11:16,800
and someone who puts you in check when

3476
02:11:21,510 --> 02:11:19,440
you need to be in check and and tells

3477
02:11:23,669 --> 02:11:21,520
you someone how to behave if you need to

3478
02:11:25,910 --> 02:11:23,679
need that who levels with you and i

3479
02:11:28,069 --> 02:11:25,920
could add to those um that list of

3480
02:11:30,550 --> 02:11:28,079
characteristics uh cozette by saying

3481
02:11:32,870 --> 02:11:30,560
also someone who delegates

3482
02:11:35,030 --> 02:11:32,880
responsibility to you and watches to see

3483
02:11:38,390 --> 02:11:35,040
you rise to the occasion i had that

3484
02:11:39,430 --> 02:11:38,400
opportunity in a similar way to mag in

3485
02:11:41,910 --> 02:11:39,440
terms of

3486
02:11:43,830 --> 02:11:41,920
group supervisor

3487
02:11:46,550 --> 02:11:43,840
helping me through the lifecycle life

3488
02:11:48,229 --> 02:11:46,560
cycle of a project i was a member of the

3489
02:11:50,390 --> 02:11:48,239
group he was the group supervisor and

3490
02:11:52,790 --> 02:11:50,400
had years more experience than i did at

3491
02:11:54,069 --> 02:11:52,800
that time and so he kind of coached me

3492
02:11:55,910 --> 02:11:54,079
along the way you know this is what we

3493
02:11:59,109 --> 02:11:55,920
do here this is what why this is going

3494
02:12:00,310 --> 02:11:59,119
on but then he made me a group leader in

3495
02:12:02,550 --> 02:12:00,320
charge of part of the group and

3496
02:12:03,990 --> 02:12:02,560
delegated a lot of his group supervisor

3497
02:12:05,430 --> 02:12:04,000
responsibilities

3498
02:12:07,669 --> 02:12:05,440
to me so that i would have the

3499
02:12:08,470 --> 02:12:07,679
opportunity under his guidance

3500
02:12:11,270 --> 02:12:08,480
to

3501
02:12:12,790 --> 02:12:11,280
make my own decisions in conference you

3502
02:12:15,350 --> 02:12:12,800
know i could always have him there as a

3503
02:12:17,669 --> 02:12:15,360
resource but that delegation of

3504
02:12:18,470 --> 02:12:17,679
responsibility and empowerment i find

3505
02:12:21,350 --> 02:12:18,480
that

3506
02:12:23,270 --> 02:12:21,360
99 of the folks at jpl if you delegate

3507
02:12:25,510 --> 02:12:23,280
and empower them they will rise to the

3508
02:12:27,109 --> 02:12:25,520
occasion and surpass your expectations

3509
02:12:30,629 --> 02:12:27,119
right that's true

3510
02:12:33,510 --> 02:12:30,639
so in terms of your guys's careers um i

3511
02:12:36,470 --> 02:12:33,520
was with charles talking to the group of

3512
02:12:38,390 --> 02:12:36,480
early career hires that we have here

3513
02:12:40,390 --> 02:12:38,400
i think it was last year and one of the

3514
02:12:42,950 --> 02:12:40,400
employees stood up and said i need to

3515
02:12:44,629 --> 02:12:42,960
know where i'm going to be in five years

3516
02:12:47,910 --> 02:12:44,639
i want to know what position i'm going

3517
02:12:50,310 --> 02:12:47,920
to have and and so for that person

3518
02:12:52,870 --> 02:12:50,320
structure was important

3519
02:12:55,669 --> 02:12:52,880
how have you found careers to develop

3520
02:12:58,229 --> 02:12:55,679
here was it a a linear path that made

3521
02:12:59,990 --> 02:12:58,239
sense according to the discipline that

3522
02:13:03,910 --> 02:13:00,000
you chose at the time

3523
02:13:05,270 --> 02:13:03,920
um or was it a windy path

3524
02:13:07,350 --> 02:13:05,280
or um

3525
02:13:08,709 --> 02:13:07,360
just opportunities that happened to open

3526
02:13:10,870 --> 02:13:08,719
up at the time

3527
02:13:11,750 --> 02:13:10,880
i'll start with you jan

3528
02:13:13,189 --> 02:13:11,760
um

3529
02:13:16,229 --> 02:13:13,199
interesting question

3530
02:13:17,189 --> 02:13:16,239
i would say that um careers happen both

3531
02:13:20,069 --> 02:13:17,199
ways

3532
02:13:22,149 --> 02:13:20,079
my personal experience was more

3533
02:13:23,589 --> 02:13:22,159
i did not have a five-year plan or a

3534
02:13:27,109 --> 02:13:23,599
10-year plan or

3535
02:13:29,270 --> 02:13:27,119
or a vision to be a division manager

3536
02:13:32,229 --> 02:13:29,280
i took advantage of opportunities as

3537
02:13:35,990 --> 02:13:32,239
they came by when i started at jpl in

3538
02:13:37,750 --> 02:13:36,000
1980 i joined the galileo project as a

3539
02:13:39,350 --> 02:13:37,760
dynamics and control analyst because i

3540
02:13:41,109 --> 02:13:39,360
just graduated with my master's in

3541
02:13:43,109 --> 02:13:41,119
dynamics and control of spacecraft so i

3542
02:13:45,030 --> 02:13:43,119
had the technical background and so i

3543
02:13:47,910 --> 02:13:45,040
joined a group and i started designing

3544
02:13:50,390 --> 02:13:47,920
control laws and and testing them in the

3545
02:13:52,229 --> 02:13:50,400
flight software and in our test lab

3546
02:13:54,470 --> 02:13:52,239
and i found by that experience that i

3547
02:13:57,189 --> 02:13:54,480
was more interested in more the systems

3548
02:13:59,109 --> 02:13:57,199
aspect of the job so i moved slightly in

3549
02:14:01,350 --> 02:13:59,119
the in the tactical arena to kind of

3550
02:14:03,669 --> 02:14:01,360
broaden my focus

3551
02:14:05,669 --> 02:14:03,679
more at a technical systems engineering

3552
02:14:08,069 --> 02:14:05,679
subsystem looking across the whole

3553
02:14:10,550 --> 02:14:08,079
dimension of the attitude control system

3554
02:14:12,550 --> 02:14:10,560
so i i took advantage of the way the

3555
02:14:15,030 --> 02:14:12,560
project life cycle was progressing to

3556
02:14:17,109 --> 02:14:15,040
move into a broader technical role and

3557
02:14:19,990 --> 02:14:17,119
then i'd always been a really well

3558
02:14:22,390 --> 02:14:20,000
organized person and so

3559
02:14:24,149 --> 02:14:22,400
planning scheduling anticipating

3560
02:14:26,870 --> 02:14:24,159
problems trying to

3561
02:14:29,510 --> 02:14:26,880
fend them off early um was was really

3562
02:14:32,470 --> 02:14:29,520
unnatural for me so i started becoming a

3563
02:14:34,310 --> 02:14:32,480
technical manager of a small team and

3564
02:14:36,709 --> 02:14:34,320
and there was an opportunity to do that

3565
02:14:39,109 --> 02:14:36,719
again in the context of the galileo

3566
02:14:41,830 --> 02:14:39,119
project and so i was able to move into

3567
02:14:43,990 --> 02:14:41,840
that arena and find that i really

3568
02:14:45,030 --> 02:14:44,000
blossomed in the technical management

3569
02:14:47,990 --> 02:14:45,040
arena

3570
02:14:49,830 --> 02:14:48,000
probably more so than the deep technical

3571
02:14:52,629 --> 02:14:49,840
folks that kendra referred to earlier

3572
02:14:54,390 --> 02:14:52,639
jpl is full of brilliant very deep

3573
02:14:56,550 --> 02:14:54,400
highly technical folks and that just

3574
02:14:59,910 --> 02:14:56,560
wasn't my strength as much as the

3575
02:15:02,470 --> 02:14:59,920
management aspect of the job and so i

3576
02:15:04,550 --> 02:15:02,480
had opportunities to

3577
02:15:06,629 --> 02:15:04,560
become the technical manager of the

3578
02:15:08,390 --> 02:15:06,639
galileo attitude control subsystem so

3579
02:15:10,390 --> 02:15:08,400
again staying technical but from a

3580
02:15:12,390 --> 02:15:10,400
management perspective then i moved on

3581
02:15:14,870 --> 02:15:12,400
to the cassini project i did the same

3582
02:15:17,109 --> 02:15:14,880
type of technical management and then

3583
02:15:19,350 --> 02:15:17,119
jpl prizes

3584
02:15:22,149 --> 02:15:19,360
folks who have done both technical

3585
02:15:25,030 --> 02:15:22,159
management and line management and so

3586
02:15:27,589 --> 02:15:25,040
they encourage us to get flavors of both

3587
02:15:30,069 --> 02:15:27,599
sides of our matrix organization so i

3588
02:15:32,629 --> 02:15:30,079
had opportunities again that weren't

3589
02:15:34,390 --> 02:15:32,639
planned in head or i wasn't looking on a

3590
02:15:35,910 --> 02:15:34,400
five or ten year horizon to do that but

3591
02:15:37,830 --> 02:15:35,920
i was able to move into some line

3592
02:15:40,229 --> 02:15:37,840
management positions bounce back to

3593
02:15:42,790 --> 02:15:40,239
project line

3594
02:15:44,790 --> 02:15:42,800
to where i am today

3595
02:15:47,030 --> 02:15:44,800
what what about you diane you came with

3596
02:15:49,510 --> 02:15:47,040
a geology degree and who knew you'd be

3597
02:15:52,069 --> 02:15:49,520
heading up the largest division of jpl

3598
02:15:54,390 --> 02:15:52,079
right now in terms of uh

3599
02:15:56,629 --> 02:15:54,400
work work for the future well i think

3600
02:15:58,709 --> 02:15:56,639
again i you know when it became clear

3601
02:16:01,109 --> 02:15:58,719
that i really enjoyed bringing together

3602
02:16:02,950 --> 02:16:01,119
science technology and engineering and

3603
02:16:05,189 --> 02:16:02,960
creating something of creating missions

3604
02:16:06,950 --> 02:16:05,199
out of that you know or working with a a

3605
02:16:09,830 --> 02:16:06,960
team of people to do that

3606
02:16:13,270 --> 02:16:09,840
and i've always had a you know i did my

3607
02:16:14,629 --> 02:16:13,280
phd on on mars geology but i i really

3608
02:16:15,830 --> 02:16:14,639
you know have a passion for earth

3609
02:16:16,950 --> 02:16:15,840
science and

3610
02:16:21,189 --> 02:16:16,960
and

3611
02:16:22,950 --> 02:16:21,199
earth science directorate when he became

3612
02:16:25,109 --> 02:16:22,960
director of jpl

3613
02:16:27,430 --> 02:16:25,119
and he asked me to lead that um that was

3614
02:16:29,750 --> 02:16:27,440
a huge step for me but

3615
02:16:31,350 --> 02:16:29,760
by having really great people in the

3616
02:16:33,910 --> 02:16:31,360
directorate

3617
02:16:35,910 --> 02:16:33,920
we've been able to accomplish a lot and

3618
02:16:38,070 --> 02:16:35,920
and start a lot of new missions launch a

3619
02:16:39,830 --> 02:16:38,080
lot of new missions get this the science

3620
02:16:41,990 --> 02:16:39,840
data down so it's been

3621
02:16:43,589 --> 02:16:42,000
um you know really that's been really

3622
02:16:48,629 --> 02:16:43,599
one of the main things

3623
02:16:53,110 --> 02:16:51,830
my perspective on career advancement is

3624
02:16:55,110 --> 02:16:53,120
you know a lot of people think it's a

3625
02:16:58,549 --> 02:16:55,120
straight line upward and you know your

3626
02:17:00,870 --> 02:16:58,559
next step has to be to the next level up

3627
02:17:02,150 --> 02:17:00,880
and you hear a lot of comments like i

3628
02:17:04,230 --> 02:17:02,160
need to know where i'm going to be in

3629
02:17:06,790 --> 02:17:04,240
five years i need to know how to get to

3630
02:17:08,309 --> 02:17:06,800
the next uh promotion or or what have

3631
02:17:10,070 --> 02:17:08,319
you

3632
02:17:11,589 --> 02:17:10,080
but i try to encourage the folks that

3633
02:17:12,870 --> 02:17:11,599
i've advised and the folks that i've

3634
02:17:15,429 --> 02:17:12,880
hired you know when i was a group

3635
02:17:19,030 --> 02:17:15,439
supervisor and and trying to mentor

3636
02:17:21,349 --> 02:17:19,040
folks um a career is is is a pyramid

3637
02:17:24,070 --> 02:17:21,359
structure and and your career should go

3638
02:17:26,950 --> 02:17:24,080
back and forth along one level

3639
02:17:29,349 --> 02:17:26,960
for a while before you take the step to

3640
02:17:31,669 --> 02:17:29,359
the next rung of the ladder or the next

3641
02:17:33,190 --> 02:17:31,679
level of the pyramid you want to explore

3642
02:17:35,990 --> 02:17:33,200
the breadth of what you're doing in a

3643
02:17:37,429 --> 02:17:36,000
particular area as much as you possibly

3644
02:17:39,990 --> 02:17:37,439
can because that will make you a

3645
02:17:42,230 --> 02:17:40,000
stronger person at the next level up and

3646
02:17:43,750 --> 02:17:42,240
whether it's you know getting the

3647
02:17:45,910 --> 02:17:43,760
breadth of all of the engineering

3648
02:17:47,669 --> 02:17:45,920
disciplines that we have at jpl before

3649
02:17:49,589 --> 02:17:47,679
you become a flight system manager

3650
02:17:51,669 --> 02:17:49,599
because then you have to be seeing the

3651
02:17:53,190 --> 02:17:51,679
and managing and trading off the risks

3652
02:17:54,790 --> 02:17:53,200
of all of those disciplines the better

3653
02:17:57,349 --> 02:17:54,800
you understand that the better you'll do

3654
02:17:59,429 --> 02:17:57,359
that job and so i try to encourage

3655
02:18:01,669 --> 02:17:59,439
people that their that their moves in

3656
02:18:02,709 --> 02:18:01,679
their career should be sideways a lot of

3657
02:18:04,629 --> 02:18:02,719
the time

3658
02:18:06,309 --> 02:18:04,639
and and exploring the breadth of the

3659
02:18:08,150 --> 02:18:06,319
challenges that you can have before

3660
02:18:10,389 --> 02:18:08,160
you're ready to move into a

3661
02:18:12,950 --> 02:18:10,399
an increased level of responsibility

3662
02:18:15,429 --> 02:18:12,960
and and kind of view that as a as a

3663
02:18:17,750 --> 02:18:15,439
pyramid and really explore those levels

3664
02:18:19,589 --> 02:18:17,760
and those layers as much as you can and

3665
02:18:22,230 --> 02:18:19,599
don't be so worried about when you get

3666
02:18:23,990 --> 02:18:22,240
to the next level up so i think i need

3667
02:18:25,509 --> 02:18:24,000
to throw in a word about a science

3668
02:18:27,509 --> 02:18:25,519
career where

3669
02:18:30,629 --> 02:18:27,519
in general scientists are encouraged to

3670
02:18:32,790 --> 02:18:30,639
have great depth on a very narrow area

3671
02:18:36,469 --> 02:18:32,800
to become the world's leading expert on

3672
02:18:40,389 --> 02:18:38,709
when i was in the science division my

3673
02:18:41,910 --> 02:18:40,399
manager that was my performance

3674
02:18:43,509 --> 02:18:41,920
evaluation for a couple of years

3675
02:18:45,990 --> 02:18:43,519
straight it was

3676
02:18:48,389 --> 02:18:46,000
um you have to become very highly

3677
02:18:50,709 --> 02:18:48,399
focused and narrowly focused and also at

3678
02:18:52,790 --> 02:18:50,719
jpl become the world's leading expert on

3679
02:18:54,870 --> 02:18:52,800
something he told me that the first my

3680
02:18:57,589 --> 02:18:54,880
very first year and i pushed the paper

3681
02:18:59,030 --> 02:18:57,599
back to him and said that is so arrogant

3682
02:19:00,709 --> 02:18:59,040
to think that you are going to be the

3683
02:19:03,030 --> 02:19:00,719
world's leading expert on something and

3684
02:19:06,790 --> 02:19:03,040
he pushed the paper back to me and he

3685
02:19:09,349 --> 02:19:06,800
said you better figure out what it is

3686
02:19:11,270 --> 02:19:09,359
so e so in science you know it's

3687
02:19:13,830 --> 02:19:11,280
important to be the world's leading

3688
02:19:16,549 --> 02:19:13,840
expert but even in science

3689
02:19:18,629 --> 02:19:16,559
scientists end up making leaps uh one of

3690
02:19:21,429 --> 02:19:18,639
my uh colleagues made this leap from

3691
02:19:23,669 --> 02:19:21,439
being the world's leading expert on io

3692
02:19:25,830 --> 02:19:23,679
and fiery volcanism

3693
02:19:28,309 --> 02:19:25,840
to being the world's leading expert on

3694
02:19:30,870 --> 02:19:28,319
icy moons and he did that in about three

3695
02:19:33,110 --> 02:19:30,880
months and he said wink wink you know

3696
02:19:34,790 --> 02:19:33,120
suddenly i went from you know fiery

3697
02:19:37,270 --> 02:19:34,800
moons to icy moons and i'm the world's

3698
02:19:39,110 --> 02:19:37,280
leading expert but um even in science

3699
02:19:43,349 --> 02:19:39,120
you have to learn when to

3700
02:19:46,469 --> 02:19:43,359
go to the next uh horizontal um uh

3701
02:19:48,230 --> 02:19:46,479
area uh in order to continue your career

3702
02:19:50,389 --> 02:19:48,240
so yeah you resonated that with me

3703
02:19:53,030 --> 02:19:50,399
talking about before that i mean my

3704
02:19:55,110 --> 02:19:53,040
expertise is in plantar geology but i

3705
02:19:58,150 --> 02:19:55,120
have applied it to

3706
02:20:01,429 --> 02:19:58,160
io to icy moons to mars i started out

3707
02:20:04,070 --> 02:20:01,439
like diane on geology of mars and so you

3708
02:20:06,550 --> 02:20:04,080
have your core expertise but you can

3709
02:20:09,510 --> 02:20:06,560
then apply to different budgets using

3710
02:20:11,270 --> 02:20:09,520
different techniques uh imaging infrared

3711
02:20:13,670 --> 02:20:11,280
radar you know i don't know where i'm

3712
02:20:16,230 --> 02:20:13,680
going to go next but um it's wherever

3713
02:20:18,150 --> 02:20:16,240
the next opportunity years i i have said

3714
02:20:23,110 --> 02:20:18,160
that i'll change wave wavelength for

3715
02:20:28,710 --> 02:20:26,710
and i i think there is an advantage also

3716
02:20:30,790 --> 02:20:28,720
in being broad

3717
02:20:33,910 --> 02:20:30,800
because you can make connections

3718
02:20:36,950 --> 02:20:33,920
uh rather than being you know just

3719
02:20:38,870 --> 02:20:36,960
an expert on that narrow drop right and

3720
02:20:41,590 --> 02:20:38,880
it also makes you a better manager i'm

3721
02:20:44,790 --> 02:20:41,600
now also a line manager manager i have

3722
02:20:47,750 --> 02:20:44,800
worked on research on flight projects

3723
02:20:50,870 --> 02:20:47,760
line management so again i gone kind of

3724
02:20:52,950 --> 02:20:50,880
sideways and up

3725
02:20:55,830 --> 02:20:52,960
so many in this room i'm sure want to

3726
02:20:58,630 --> 02:20:55,840
have a life of travel and seeing lots of

3727
02:21:00,790 --> 02:20:58,640
the world it's all ahead of them i know

3728
02:21:03,030 --> 02:21:00,800
a couple of you here have had a lot of

3729
02:21:04,469 --> 02:21:03,040
international travel and

3730
02:21:05,510 --> 02:21:04,479
why don't you talk a little bit about

3731
02:21:07,510 --> 02:21:05,520
how

3732
02:21:10,150 --> 02:21:07,520
directing this diane and rosalie diane

3733
02:21:12,710 --> 02:21:10,160
first how did that how did that happen

3734
02:21:15,030 --> 02:21:12,720
and what were the hallmarks of that yeah

3735
02:21:18,469 --> 02:21:15,040
well a couple things one is uh certainly

3736
02:21:20,389 --> 02:21:18,479
to do uh geology uh we a lot of the work

3737
02:21:22,630 --> 02:21:20,399
that we did was in the early days of

3738
02:21:24,870 --> 02:21:22,640
developing remote sensing technology and

3739
02:21:27,590 --> 02:21:24,880
so we would um you know do a lot of

3740
02:21:29,990 --> 02:21:27,600
field work um but then more recently of

3741
02:21:32,150 --> 02:21:30,000
course most of our missions um be have

3742
02:21:34,389 --> 02:21:32,160
international partners so this is you

3743
02:21:36,070 --> 02:21:34,399
know just to make stronger um stronger

3744
02:21:37,590 --> 02:21:36,080
case for the mission and also you know

3745
02:21:40,630 --> 02:21:37,600
it is just one planet that we're all

3746
02:21:41,990 --> 02:21:40,640
living on we're all sharing and so um

3747
02:21:44,070 --> 02:21:42,000
quite a bit of the travel i've been

3748
02:21:45,670 --> 02:21:44,080
doing more recently has been in

3749
02:21:47,670 --> 02:21:45,680
association with

3750
02:21:50,070 --> 02:21:47,680
the missions that we've been working on

3751
02:21:53,030 --> 02:21:50,080
the most recent one aquarius which

3752
02:21:56,630 --> 02:21:53,040
launched last last june um turned out to

3753
02:21:58,790 --> 02:21:56,640
be joint with argentina and brazil and

3754
02:22:01,270 --> 02:21:58,800
so and we're hoping to do future

3755
02:22:03,270 --> 02:22:01,280
missions with brazil so that's really

3756
02:22:04,309 --> 02:22:03,280
afforded quite a bit of international

3757
02:22:07,429 --> 02:22:04,319
travel

3758
02:22:09,910 --> 02:22:07,439
yes when i was an astronomy student and

3759
02:22:11,670 --> 02:22:09,920
taking a class in planetary geology i

3760
02:22:13,670 --> 02:22:11,680
didn't know then that that's what i was

3761
02:22:15,429 --> 02:22:13,680
going to fall in love with but

3762
02:22:17,349 --> 02:22:15,439
one of the things that attracted my

3763
02:22:19,590 --> 02:22:17,359
attention was that one day the professor

3764
02:22:22,070 --> 02:22:19,600
didn't come to class and he sent a

3765
02:22:24,230 --> 02:22:22,080
substitute and the substitute said well

3766
02:22:26,870 --> 02:22:24,240
monday erupted and the professor had to

3767
02:22:29,030 --> 02:22:26,880
go and i thought that sounds like so

3768
02:22:31,990 --> 02:22:29,040
much fun

3769
02:22:32,790 --> 02:22:32,000
and so when i was doing my phd i was in

3770
02:22:37,190 --> 02:22:32,800
the

3771
02:22:39,349 --> 02:22:37,200
eruption surveillance team and

3772
02:22:41,270 --> 02:22:39,359
i got to go to erupting volcanoes and

3773
02:22:44,309 --> 02:22:41,280
really fell in love with them

3774
02:22:46,790 --> 02:22:44,319
and you know i have done field work but

3775
02:22:47,990 --> 02:22:46,800
you know these days i do less field work

3776
02:22:50,469 --> 02:22:48,000
but more

3777
02:22:52,630 --> 02:22:50,479
international travel because for example

3778
02:22:55,110 --> 02:22:52,640
the cassini mission is joined with the

3779
02:22:57,270 --> 02:22:55,120
european space agency and the italian

3780
02:22:59,270 --> 02:22:57,280
space agency so we have more

3781
02:23:01,270 --> 02:22:59,280
collaborations

3782
02:23:03,590 --> 02:23:01,280
so for some on this

3783
02:23:05,990 --> 02:23:03,600
setting that would not present uh

3784
02:23:08,870 --> 02:23:06,000
excitement for them i've got work life

3785
02:23:11,670 --> 02:23:08,880
balance issues and making maybe making

3786
02:23:13,590 --> 02:23:11,680
career choices to not have to travel

3787
02:23:16,070 --> 02:23:13,600
do we have some examples i think jan you

3788
02:23:17,190 --> 02:23:16,080
may be one that can talk about that

3789
02:23:20,309 --> 02:23:17,200
certainly

3790
02:23:21,910 --> 02:23:20,319
um i had enjoyed about 10 years of my

3791
02:23:23,590 --> 02:23:21,920
career at jpl

3792
02:23:25,349 --> 02:23:23,600
when my husband and i decided it was

3793
02:23:28,070 --> 02:23:25,359
time to start a family

3794
02:23:29,910 --> 02:23:28,080
when i had my first child i chose to

3795
02:23:31,990 --> 02:23:29,920
take six months off

3796
02:23:34,070 --> 02:23:32,000
and stay at home with the baby and then

3797
02:23:37,030 --> 02:23:34,080
when i came back to jpl i worked

3798
02:23:39,510 --> 02:23:37,040
part-time for six years i wanted to make

3799
02:23:41,750 --> 02:23:39,520
sure i had both the opportunities to

3800
02:23:43,030 --> 02:23:41,760
raise my child as well as keep my hand

3801
02:23:45,030 --> 02:23:43,040
in at work

3802
02:23:47,190 --> 02:23:45,040
three years after three years into that

3803
02:23:48,950 --> 02:23:47,200
i had our second child and i took nine

3804
02:23:50,469 --> 02:23:48,960
months off that time i had two of them

3805
02:23:51,510 --> 02:23:50,479
to deal with it took me longer to

3806
02:23:53,030 --> 02:23:51,520
recover

3807
02:23:55,190 --> 02:23:53,040
and

3808
02:23:57,270 --> 02:23:55,200
but but again when i came back i was

3809
02:23:59,030 --> 02:23:57,280
still working part-time and and for my

3810
02:24:00,870 --> 02:23:59,040
husband and i and our two children it

3811
02:24:02,550 --> 02:24:00,880
was a really good choice for our family

3812
02:24:03,750 --> 02:24:02,560
to have that work-life balance to be

3813
02:24:05,910 --> 02:24:03,760
able to

3814
02:24:08,309 --> 02:24:05,920
feel that when i went into work i would

3815
02:24:10,070 --> 02:24:08,319
be really work focused i would be

3816
02:24:11,670 --> 02:24:10,080
working as efficiently as possible i

3817
02:24:13,590 --> 02:24:11,680
mean the kids never crossed my mind we

3818
02:24:14,870 --> 02:24:13,600
have an excellent child educational

3819
02:24:17,990 --> 02:24:14,880
center here

3820
02:24:19,030 --> 02:24:18,000
daycare center for babies through age

3821
02:24:20,790 --> 02:24:19,040
five

3822
02:24:22,790 --> 02:24:20,800
so i knew the the children were very

3823
02:24:24,870 --> 02:24:22,800
well taken care of

3824
02:24:26,230 --> 02:24:24,880
and i really enjoyed keeping my hand in

3825
02:24:27,830 --> 02:24:26,240
it at work

3826
02:24:29,670 --> 02:24:27,840
but then on the other hand i had not

3827
02:24:32,070 --> 02:24:29,680
just the two days on the weekend and the

3828
02:24:34,230 --> 02:24:32,080
evenings to rush around and take care of

3829
02:24:35,830 --> 02:24:34,240
the family but also those other two days

3830
02:24:37,750 --> 02:24:35,840
during the week so that really made a

3831
02:24:39,990 --> 02:24:37,760
great difference to me and when i did

3832
02:24:42,630 --> 02:24:40,000
come back after my six years of

3833
02:24:45,110 --> 02:24:42,640
part-time work my career had plateaued

3834
02:24:47,110 --> 02:24:45,120
during that time but i had not lost

3835
02:24:49,190 --> 02:24:47,120
ground and i was able to pick up and

3836
02:24:51,510 --> 02:24:49,200
move forward from that point

3837
02:24:53,750 --> 02:24:51,520
now make a comment because i did it

3838
02:24:55,830 --> 02:24:53,760
totally differently um

3839
02:24:58,950 --> 02:24:55,840
i i have one son and i took two and a

3840
02:25:00,950 --> 02:24:58,960
half weeks off when he was born

3841
02:25:03,990 --> 02:25:00,960
in fact after two and a half weeks i was

3842
02:25:05,349 --> 02:25:04,000
on a plane going to a meeting

3843
02:25:06,309 --> 02:25:05,359
but

3844
02:25:09,910 --> 02:25:06,319
you know

3845
02:25:12,070 --> 02:25:09,920
my son grew up perfectly fine i never

3846
02:25:14,550 --> 02:25:12,080
stopped working or worked part-time i

3847
02:25:16,950 --> 02:25:14,560
never gave up traveling and in fact it's

3848
02:25:18,630 --> 02:25:16,960
a coincidence that jean's youngest son

3849
02:25:20,150 --> 02:25:18,640
and my son went through high school

3850
02:25:23,190 --> 02:25:20,160
together and they are now in college

3851
02:25:25,910 --> 02:25:23,200
together and right turned out great

3852
02:25:27,990 --> 02:25:25,920
that's right so i think it's very much

3853
02:25:29,750 --> 02:25:28,000
down to you know your choice your

3854
02:25:32,469 --> 02:25:29,760
personality

3855
02:25:34,870 --> 02:25:32,479
what you'd feel happiest doing because

3856
02:25:36,710 --> 02:25:34,880
if i had stayed home for six months i

3857
02:25:39,270 --> 02:25:36,720
would have gone crazy

3858
02:25:41,510 --> 02:25:39,280
i totally agree with you rosalie

3859
02:25:42,870 --> 02:25:41,520
i think that the overarching theme here

3860
02:25:45,429 --> 02:25:42,880
is that

3861
02:25:46,950 --> 02:25:45,439
when you come into that situation ask

3862
02:25:48,870 --> 02:25:46,960
your your boss

3863
02:25:51,270 --> 02:25:48,880
explore the opportunities you know what

3864
02:25:53,750 --> 02:25:51,280
is available to me what do i what do i

3865
02:25:55,510 --> 02:25:53,760
want to do with my family life ask your

3866
02:25:57,670 --> 02:25:55,520
boss think of some creative

3867
02:25:59,750 --> 02:25:57,680
opportunities if you don't ask you won't

3868
02:26:01,590 --> 02:25:59,760
have the opportunities um and for me it

3869
02:26:04,230 --> 02:26:01,600
worked out great and most all know

3870
02:26:07,510 --> 02:26:04,240
yourself you know know what's going to

3871
02:26:09,750 --> 02:26:07,520
make you more balanced and and happier

3872
02:26:11,270 --> 02:26:09,760
and sane and safe

3873
02:26:13,510 --> 02:26:11,280
that's very important

3874
02:26:14,790 --> 02:26:13,520
i have an interest in work-life balance

3875
02:26:16,469 --> 02:26:14,800
for a totally different reason i don't

3876
02:26:17,750 --> 02:26:16,479
have any children but i do have a

3877
02:26:20,630 --> 02:26:17,760
husband who

3878
02:26:22,790 --> 02:26:20,640
um unfortunately took really ill one

3879
02:26:24,469 --> 02:26:22,800
year and i had i was like many of us

3880
02:26:26,710 --> 02:26:24,479
probably are workaholics we just work

3881
02:26:28,550 --> 02:26:26,720
all the time and i remember especially

3882
02:26:30,150 --> 02:26:28,560
when i start a new job you tend to work

3883
02:26:31,670 --> 02:26:30,160
a lot of hours in this particular job i

3884
02:26:33,590 --> 02:26:31,680
had i would come in at 5 30 and stay

3885
02:26:35,030 --> 02:26:33,600
until i'm almost 10 at night because i

3886
02:26:37,030 --> 02:26:35,040
was a commuter and i would wait till the

3887
02:26:39,110 --> 02:26:37,040
traffic would die down before i leave

3888
02:26:41,349 --> 02:26:39,120
and on one occasion he took really ill

3889
02:26:42,790 --> 02:26:41,359
and i couldn't get to him and was very

3890
02:26:45,429 --> 02:26:42,800
difficult for me to

3891
02:26:47,510 --> 02:26:45,439
to to feel comfortable knowing that i

3892
02:26:49,270 --> 02:26:47,520
was not able to be

3893
02:26:52,150 --> 02:26:49,280
more balanced at home and so i made the

3894
02:26:54,070 --> 02:26:52,160
decision at that time to

3895
02:26:55,750 --> 02:26:54,080
commit to going home to dinner you know

3896
02:26:57,429 --> 02:26:55,760
so many days a week so one day a week i

3897
02:26:59,910 --> 02:26:57,439
make sure i'm home in time for dinner

3898
02:27:02,309 --> 02:26:59,920
and on weekends you know with us having

3899
02:27:03,990 --> 02:27:02,319
so much access to information especially

3900
02:27:05,429 --> 02:27:04,000
checking your email and working at home

3901
02:27:07,750 --> 02:27:05,439
all the time and working remotely that's

3902
02:27:08,710 --> 02:27:07,760
so easy for us it's easy to consume

3903
02:27:10,550 --> 02:27:08,720
yourself

3904
02:27:12,790 --> 02:27:10,560
especially when you have a type a

3905
02:27:14,389 --> 02:27:12,800
personality you tend to be a workaholic

3906
02:27:15,990 --> 02:27:14,399
to never take a break and it will

3907
02:27:18,230 --> 02:27:16,000
eventually take a whole toll on your own

3908
02:27:19,590 --> 02:27:18,240
body as well but what i tried to do is

3909
02:27:21,270 --> 02:27:19,600
not only commit to having a date night

3910
02:27:23,830 --> 02:27:21,280
or a day where i go home for dinner but

3911
02:27:25,670 --> 02:27:23,840
also on weekends i make sure now that i

3912
02:27:28,309 --> 02:27:25,680
check my messages periodically rather

3913
02:27:30,070 --> 02:27:28,319
than all day um all day you can sit

3914
02:27:31,670 --> 02:27:30,080
there and write messages and work on

3915
02:27:34,230 --> 02:27:31,680
things because there's always work to do

3916
02:27:36,469 --> 02:27:34,240
and you know work is challenging and it

3917
02:27:38,070 --> 02:27:36,479
but it can be fun but i do think

3918
02:27:40,710 --> 02:27:38,080
pursuing some kind of balance is really

3919
02:27:43,510 --> 02:27:40,720
important whatever your situation is

3920
02:27:46,710 --> 02:27:43,520
my story is a little bit different

3921
02:27:48,230 --> 02:27:46,720
before we i got married um i had chance

3922
02:27:50,950 --> 02:27:48,240
to go to moscow

3923
02:27:54,309 --> 02:27:50,960
for uh mars back then it's called mars

3924
02:27:57,910 --> 02:27:54,319
94 96 and later on become you know mars

3925
02:27:59,750 --> 02:27:57,920
express and small european mission

3926
02:28:02,389 --> 02:27:59,760
that was a great experience for me by

3927
02:28:04,550 --> 02:28:02,399
working you know with some

3928
02:28:06,710 --> 02:28:04,560
international partners to see how they

3929
02:28:09,349 --> 02:28:06,720
build this spacecraft is very different

3930
02:28:11,830 --> 02:28:09,359
than how u.s you know build a spacecraft

3931
02:28:14,950 --> 02:28:11,840
but that was probably my last

3932
02:28:16,630 --> 02:28:14,960
international travel um as soon as we

3933
02:28:18,630 --> 02:28:16,640
got married and

3934
02:28:19,750 --> 02:28:18,640
have kids with two kids

3935
02:28:21,349 --> 02:28:19,760
um

3936
02:28:23,429 --> 02:28:21,359
then there's some decision you know kind

3937
02:28:25,349 --> 02:28:23,439
of may not just based on by my you know

3938
02:28:26,710 --> 02:28:25,359
my decision you kind of have to work

3939
02:28:28,870 --> 02:28:26,720
with your partner

3940
02:28:30,469 --> 02:28:28,880
my husband also works at jpl and he's in

3941
02:28:32,710 --> 02:28:30,479
the programmatic side the programmatic

3942
02:28:35,270 --> 02:28:32,720
side means that he travels a lot

3943
02:28:37,429 --> 02:28:35,280
so um when he decided to take that job

3944
02:28:39,349 --> 02:28:37,439
then i had to decide to say okay i

3945
02:28:41,429 --> 02:28:39,359
cannot you know both both of us

3946
02:28:43,510 --> 02:28:41,439
traveling like crazy and our two kids

3947
02:28:44,870 --> 02:28:43,520
what we're gonna do um so we have

3948
02:28:47,110 --> 02:28:44,880
decided to say okay you do the

3949
02:28:48,309 --> 02:28:47,120
programmatic side and i'll do the line

3950
02:28:50,469 --> 02:28:48,319
sign and that means you know we do

3951
02:28:52,710 --> 02:28:50,479
development internally um so i don't

3952
02:28:54,469 --> 02:28:52,720
have to you know travel that much so

3953
02:28:57,110 --> 02:28:54,479
this is some decision you kind of to you

3954
02:28:59,110 --> 02:28:57,120
know make you know um not just by

3955
02:29:01,110 --> 02:28:59,120
yourself but you have to kind of do it

3956
02:29:03,590 --> 02:29:01,120
together with your your partner

3957
02:29:05,349 --> 02:29:03,600
and i agree with mag that um

3958
02:29:08,550 --> 02:29:05,359
a lot of time you really do have to

3959
02:29:10,710 --> 02:29:08,560
allocate time for yourself okay

3960
02:29:13,510 --> 02:29:10,720
i'm a human being when i go home i see

3961
02:29:18,710 --> 02:29:13,520
my kids piano not practiced and homework

3962
02:29:24,389 --> 02:29:21,110
and i'm just ten percent of tiger mom

3963
02:29:26,630 --> 02:29:25,270
um

3964
02:29:29,990 --> 02:29:26,640
you know you just

3965
02:29:32,070 --> 02:29:30,000
that one hour after the kids go to sleep

3966
02:29:34,469 --> 02:29:32,080
right and for yourself you don't have to

3967
02:29:36,070 --> 02:29:34,479
say oh okay let me just do more work

3968
02:29:39,270 --> 02:29:36,080
that one hour you just want to sit on

3969
02:29:41,270 --> 02:29:39,280
the sofa turn on the tv and enjoy and i

3970
02:29:43,990 --> 02:29:41,280
think that's very very important so it's

3971
02:29:46,550 --> 02:29:44,000
the balance that you have to create um

3972
02:29:48,830 --> 02:29:46,560
you have to love yourself in order to do

3973
02:29:52,070 --> 02:29:48,840
good things for others

3974
02:29:53,910 --> 02:29:52,080
so so i think we have an audience that

3975
02:29:56,070 --> 02:29:53,920
are all stem

3976
02:29:58,150 --> 02:29:56,080
students and hopefully we've inspired

3977
02:30:00,790 --> 02:29:58,160
you a little bit about different careers

3978
02:30:02,710 --> 02:30:00,800
here at jpl and in the space i'm going

3979
02:30:05,349 --> 02:30:02,720
to sort of save room for some questions

3980
02:30:08,469 --> 02:30:05,359
from you but end with asking diane you

3981
02:30:10,870 --> 02:30:08,479
know why space why should we

3982
02:30:13,270 --> 02:30:10,880
be interested in exploring space what

3983
02:30:15,910 --> 02:30:13,280
are the mysteries and curiosities and

3984
02:30:17,670 --> 02:30:15,920
big problems out there yet to solve oh

3985
02:30:18,950 --> 02:30:17,680
yeah well i look at this group and i

3986
02:30:20,710 --> 02:30:18,960
think of what you're going to be able to

3987
02:30:21,990 --> 02:30:20,720
accomplish in the you know the next few

3988
02:30:23,830 --> 02:30:22,000
years and it's going to be really

3989
02:30:25,349 --> 02:30:23,840
exciting i mean the things that we're

3990
02:30:27,990 --> 02:30:25,359
talking about doing we're going to get

3991
02:30:30,309 --> 02:30:28,000
samples back from mars we're going to be

3992
02:30:32,309 --> 02:30:30,319
getting data streaming from some of the

3993
02:30:35,910 --> 02:30:32,319
moons of the outer planets whether it's

3994
02:30:37,429 --> 02:30:35,920
in enceladus or titan or europa

3995
02:30:38,870 --> 02:30:37,439
and then i don't know i think one of the

3996
02:30:41,510 --> 02:30:38,880
coolest things is we're going to be

3997
02:30:44,630 --> 02:30:41,520
actually looking at atmospheres of

3998
02:30:46,710 --> 02:30:44,640
earth-like planets around other stars i

3999
02:30:48,550 --> 02:30:46,720
mean the kepler mission has just opened

4000
02:30:50,309 --> 02:30:48,560
up this whole new world to us how many

4001
02:30:52,550 --> 02:30:50,319
planets might be out there that are just

4002
02:30:54,389 --> 02:30:52,560
like our planet and then speaking of our

4003
02:30:55,990 --> 02:30:54,399
own planet you know as i said that's

4004
02:30:58,710 --> 02:30:56,000
kind of my passion but i think one of

4005
02:31:00,469 --> 02:30:58,720
the most important things is uh in in

4006
02:31:02,950 --> 02:31:00,479
the very near future if we stay on the

4007
02:31:05,349 --> 02:31:02,960
trajectory we're going right now

4008
02:31:07,429 --> 02:31:05,359
we're going to be making incredible

4009
02:31:09,510 --> 02:31:07,439
progress and understanding things like

4010
02:31:11,270 --> 02:31:09,520
earthquakes but also in the whole area

4011
02:31:13,030 --> 02:31:11,280
of climate change we're going to be able

4012
02:31:15,750 --> 02:31:13,040
to really

4013
02:31:18,790 --> 02:31:15,760
bring down our understanding of climate

4014
02:31:21,750 --> 02:31:18,800
change to to spatial and temporal scales

4015
02:31:24,870 --> 02:31:21,760
that matter in terms of predicting

4016
02:31:27,910 --> 02:31:24,880
natural hazards like floods and droughts

4017
02:31:30,309 --> 02:31:27,920
and then also deal with our resource

4018
02:31:32,469 --> 02:31:30,319
issues be able to manage our resources

4019
02:31:34,950 --> 02:31:32,479
better like water is one of the most

4020
02:31:37,429 --> 02:31:34,960
critical and so i mean there is just so

4021
02:31:38,630 --> 02:31:37,439
much opportunity so many exciting things

4022
02:31:40,469 --> 02:31:38,640
to do

4023
02:31:42,950 --> 02:31:40,479
and it takes as we've discussed here it

4024
02:31:45,270 --> 02:31:42,960
takes engineers it takes physicists it

4025
02:31:47,510 --> 02:31:45,280
takes scientists it takes

4026
02:31:48,870 --> 02:31:47,520
chemists all sorts of scientists so it's

4027
02:31:51,110 --> 02:31:48,880
a it's really

4028
02:31:52,150 --> 02:31:51,120
really a lot of opportunities that's

4029
02:31:53,429 --> 02:31:52,160
great

4030
02:31:55,510 --> 02:31:53,439
all right i think at this point we'll

4031
02:31:57,190 --> 02:31:55,520
open it up for q a if there's anybody

4032
02:31:58,950 --> 02:31:57,200
out there with questions i think we've

4033
02:32:04,950 --> 02:31:58,960
got some mic runners

4034
02:32:09,590 --> 02:32:07,750
hi i'm sneha i'm from university of

4035
02:32:12,070 --> 02:32:09,600
southern california and i'm computer

4036
02:32:14,950 --> 02:32:12,080
science graduate student

4037
02:32:16,469 --> 02:32:14,960
speaking about the opportunities

4038
02:32:18,790 --> 02:32:16,479
can you throw some light on

4039
02:32:20,710 --> 02:32:18,800
opportunities news for international

4040
02:32:22,950 --> 02:32:20,720
students or like are there equal

4041
02:32:24,950 --> 02:32:22,960
opportunities or

4042
02:32:27,510 --> 02:32:24,960
there are lots of questions either how

4043
02:32:32,630 --> 02:32:30,469
well i i wasn't you know international i

4044
02:32:34,389 --> 02:32:32,640
came here from abroad so maybe i can

4045
02:32:36,550 --> 02:32:34,399
talk about that

4046
02:32:40,710 --> 02:32:36,560
nasa has a program a post-doctoral

4047
02:32:42,790 --> 02:32:40,720
program that is open to foreign students

4048
02:32:45,110 --> 02:32:42,800
to foreign post docs and that's how i

4049
02:32:46,790 --> 02:32:45,120
got here and that's how many

4050
02:32:49,270 --> 02:32:46,800
uh of the

4051
02:32:52,790 --> 02:32:49,280
foreign scientists in particular who are

4052
02:32:55,190 --> 02:32:52,800
here actually have gotten here

4053
02:32:56,309 --> 02:32:55,200
so that's a really good opportunity it's

4054
02:32:58,870 --> 02:32:56,319
called the

4055
02:33:01,429 --> 02:32:58,880
nasa post-doctoral program

4056
02:33:04,630 --> 02:33:01,439
yeah we we couldn't exist without a

4057
02:33:06,550 --> 02:33:04,640
pretty large influx of international

4058
02:33:08,230 --> 02:33:06,560
you know employees so it's it it

4059
02:33:09,990 --> 02:33:08,240
involves paperwork there's no you know

4060
02:33:12,710 --> 02:33:10,000
there's no denying that there's always

4061
02:33:14,070 --> 02:33:12,720
paperwork but no it's uh it's definitely

4062
02:33:15,990 --> 02:33:14,080
we we talked about how important

4063
02:33:18,550 --> 02:33:16,000
diversity is and so that's an element of

4064
02:33:20,950 --> 02:33:18,560
diversity that we really we really you

4065
02:33:23,670 --> 02:33:20,960
know rely on and it's a great thing

4066
02:33:26,550 --> 02:33:23,680
about being at jpl it's like having a

4067
02:33:33,510 --> 02:33:26,560
united nations right here we have people

4068
02:33:36,389 --> 02:33:34,389
hi

4069
02:33:38,630 --> 02:33:36,399
my name's ann emerson and i'm here with

4070
02:33:41,510 --> 02:33:38,640
a group of colleagues who actually do

4071
02:33:44,150 --> 02:33:41,520
research in stem education and my

4072
02:33:46,870 --> 02:33:44,160
question is just what would you like to

4073
02:33:48,870 --> 02:33:46,880
know more of almost on a meta level of

4074
02:33:51,349 --> 02:33:48,880
how to best prepare students for some of

4075
02:33:52,389 --> 02:33:51,359
these careers that you've talked about

4076
02:33:54,710 --> 02:33:52,399
um

4077
02:33:56,870 --> 02:33:54,720
you know just like

4078
02:33:59,910 --> 02:33:56,880
what are some of your suggestions of

4079
02:34:03,429 --> 02:33:59,920
things that we need to know more of to

4080
02:34:05,590 --> 02:34:03,439
have acts more access to these great um

4081
02:34:07,349 --> 02:34:05,600
careers

4082
02:34:08,710 --> 02:34:07,359
what level of education are you talking

4083
02:34:10,550 --> 02:34:08,720
about are you talking about in in

4084
02:34:11,750 --> 02:34:10,560
elementary school all the way up the

4085
02:34:12,630 --> 02:34:11,760
whole spectrum

4086
02:34:15,349 --> 02:34:12,640
i mean

4087
02:34:22,070 --> 02:34:18,150
let me start with the uh

4088
02:34:26,630 --> 02:34:24,550
college students uh

4089
02:34:28,710 --> 02:34:26,640
the college curriculums tend to

4090
02:34:31,990 --> 02:34:28,720
tend to get a little too theoretical

4091
02:34:33,510 --> 02:34:32,000
these days they're much more

4092
02:34:35,750 --> 02:34:33,520
there's there's veering away from a

4093
02:34:37,750 --> 02:34:35,760
little bit more of

4094
02:34:39,670 --> 02:34:37,760
vocational may not be quite the the

4095
02:34:41,830 --> 02:34:39,680
right way to describe it but hands-on

4096
02:34:43,750 --> 02:34:41,840
experience uh with what you're doing

4097
02:34:45,670 --> 02:34:43,760
they they tend to teach the theory of

4098
02:34:47,750 --> 02:34:45,680
something but not how it actually shows

4099
02:34:49,910 --> 02:34:47,760
up in practice and and because i'm an

4100
02:34:51,910 --> 02:34:49,920
engineering manager engineering is a lot

4101
02:34:53,910 --> 02:34:51,920
of you know you know the theory but it

4102
02:34:55,590 --> 02:34:53,920
doesn't always work that way yeah and

4103
02:34:57,910 --> 02:34:55,600
you got to try it again and try it again

4104
02:35:00,070 --> 02:34:57,920
and fix the problems and figure it out

4105
02:35:02,710 --> 02:35:00,080
and so kids coming out of college don't

4106
02:35:04,550 --> 02:35:02,720
necessarily have all of that hands-on

4107
02:35:06,630 --> 02:35:04,560
practical experience and they don't have

4108
02:35:07,750 --> 02:35:06,640
that kind of relevant work experience

4109
02:35:09,110 --> 02:35:07,760
and so

4110
02:35:11,349 --> 02:35:09,120
you know trying to

4111
02:35:14,550 --> 02:35:11,359
encourage programs like the ap academic

4112
02:35:16,630 --> 02:35:14,560
part-time program or the co-op programs

4113
02:35:19,030 --> 02:35:16,640
is one of the best things that one of

4114
02:35:21,750 --> 02:35:19,040
the best experiences that

4115
02:35:23,590 --> 02:35:21,760
that kids can get in college moving more

4116
02:35:26,070 --> 02:35:23,600
into the high school age

4117
02:35:28,469 --> 02:35:26,080
again work experience is important but

4118
02:35:30,150 --> 02:35:28,479
understanding the practicality of what

4119
02:35:31,830 --> 02:35:30,160
they're learning that it's that physics

4120
02:35:34,309 --> 02:35:31,840
isn't just what you learn in a textbook

4121
02:35:36,790 --> 02:35:34,319
that it applies in the real world and

4122
02:35:38,950 --> 02:35:36,800
and trying to get them to ground that

4123
02:35:42,070 --> 02:35:38,960
knowledge and that experience into how

4124
02:35:44,389 --> 02:35:42,080
it can really help them on a day-to-day

4125
02:35:46,870 --> 02:35:44,399
uh basis makes it more interesting for

4126
02:35:49,670 --> 02:35:46,880
them and makes it more relevant as

4127
02:35:51,349 --> 02:35:49,680
opposed to that thing we study in school

4128
02:35:53,429 --> 02:35:51,359
so that's from my perspective i know

4129
02:35:55,270 --> 02:35:53,439
there's other other comments

4130
02:35:57,670 --> 02:35:55,280
i know some of the university they

4131
02:35:59,830 --> 02:35:57,680
establish you know department um for

4132
02:36:01,270 --> 02:35:59,840
advisory board they're trying to draw

4133
02:36:03,830 --> 02:36:01,280
different um

4134
02:36:06,230 --> 02:36:03,840
people from you know companies and help

4135
02:36:09,270 --> 02:36:06,240
them to build up the curriculums okay i

4136
02:36:10,630 --> 02:36:09,280
believe cal poly pomona in the computer

4137
02:36:12,950 --> 02:36:10,640
science department they have something

4138
02:36:15,590 --> 02:36:12,960
like that because i was the member um so

4139
02:36:17,349 --> 02:36:15,600
with that kind of exchange um

4140
02:36:20,469 --> 02:36:17,359
the school will know

4141
02:36:23,030 --> 02:36:20,479
what is the you know the demand um when

4142
02:36:24,469 --> 02:36:23,040
it's required and it can help you know

4143
02:36:27,349 --> 02:36:24,479
the school to develop a better

4144
02:36:29,429 --> 02:36:27,359
curriculum and just like what kendra has

4145
02:36:31,349 --> 02:36:29,439
said is really focuses more in the you

4146
02:36:33,670 --> 02:36:31,359
know hands-on experience and also

4147
02:36:34,870 --> 02:36:33,680
teaming too right because a lot of time

4148
02:36:37,190 --> 02:36:34,880
you know your project that you have

4149
02:36:38,710 --> 02:36:37,200
gotten is all individual

4150
02:36:40,150 --> 02:36:38,720
but a lot of time the challenge is

4151
02:36:42,070 --> 02:36:40,160
really you know working with the team

4152
02:36:44,550 --> 02:36:42,080
members and how to resolve the problem

4153
02:36:46,070 --> 02:36:44,560
together um so throughout that kind of

4154
02:36:48,150 --> 02:36:46,080
program and then set up i think it would

4155
02:36:50,389 --> 02:36:48,160
be very helpful for you guys

4156
02:36:53,510 --> 02:36:50,399
what about in the research area um yeah

4157
02:36:55,750 --> 02:36:53,520
i i find uh especially as a planetary

4158
02:36:57,670 --> 02:36:55,760
scientist i don't like any of the sort

4159
02:37:00,150 --> 02:36:57,680
of third grade as soon as kids start

4160
02:37:03,030 --> 02:37:00,160
having a vocabulary large enough

4161
02:37:06,230 --> 02:37:03,040
i don't like any of the books i see

4162
02:37:09,270 --> 02:37:06,240
uh and i i think kids are not afraid of

4163
02:37:11,349 --> 02:37:09,280
large vocabulary a kid who can memorize

4164
02:37:14,070 --> 02:37:11,359
all the dinosaurs and tell you all the

4165
02:37:15,830 --> 02:37:14,080
aspects of what every single reptile was

4166
02:37:17,429 --> 02:37:15,840
like they can also learn about the

4167
02:37:19,750 --> 02:37:17,439
earth's atmosphere and all the layers

4168
02:37:21,750 --> 02:37:19,760
the troposphere the stratosphere

4169
02:37:24,389 --> 02:37:21,760
magnetospheric physics i mean all of

4170
02:37:26,309 --> 02:37:24,399
these are things we shouldn't be afraid

4171
02:37:28,230 --> 02:37:26,319
to dive in and in a creative way

4172
02:37:30,790 --> 02:37:28,240
illustrate and i also would like to see

4173
02:37:33,110 --> 02:37:30,800
more multicultural material i'd like to

4174
02:37:35,429 --> 02:37:33,120
see you know african-american kids in

4175
02:37:40,469 --> 02:37:35,439
science shown that way in

4176
02:37:44,230 --> 02:37:42,550
hi my name is sharina and i'm from the

4177
02:37:46,469 --> 02:37:44,240
university of california riverside and

4178
02:37:47,910 --> 02:37:46,479
i'm a third year mechanical engineer um

4179
02:37:49,750 --> 02:37:47,920
i know earlier at the beginning of the

4180
02:37:51,190 --> 02:37:49,760
talk you guys mentioned

4181
02:37:53,670 --> 02:37:51,200
that you definitely recommend going into

4182
02:37:55,349 --> 02:37:53,680
higher education and my question was

4183
02:37:56,790 --> 02:37:55,359
i've been to a couple other panels and

4184
02:37:58,230 --> 02:37:56,800
they kind of said how going into higher

4185
02:38:00,150 --> 02:37:58,240
education in the sciences and

4186
02:38:01,190 --> 02:38:00,160
engineering kind of sometimes two

4187
02:38:03,590 --> 02:38:01,200
employers made them seem like

4188
02:38:05,270 --> 02:38:03,600
overqualified or too specified so i

4189
02:38:07,670 --> 02:38:05,280
guess what's your you're shaking your

4190
02:38:09,990 --> 02:38:07,680
head no okay

4191
02:38:11,429 --> 02:38:10,000
so i guess i just wanted to know um

4192
02:38:12,710 --> 02:38:11,439
what your take on that was if you know

4193
02:38:14,469 --> 02:38:12,720
to maybe go into engineering and

4194
02:38:15,990 --> 02:38:14,479
sciences or like go into maybe a

4195
02:38:17,590 --> 02:38:16,000
business administration degree of some

4196
02:38:19,110 --> 02:38:17,600
sort so i guess between the two

4197
02:38:21,590 --> 02:38:19,120
different fields what your

4198
02:38:24,389 --> 02:38:21,600
what your recommendation was and um also

4199
02:38:25,910 --> 02:38:24,399
part two um is it hard to go back into

4200
02:38:27,990 --> 02:38:25,920
school if you you know perhaps take a

4201
02:38:29,429 --> 02:38:28,000
break a couple of you said that you went

4202
02:38:30,870 --> 02:38:29,439
and you worked for a bit and then went

4203
02:38:32,150 --> 02:38:30,880
back to school so was it difficult

4204
02:38:35,429 --> 02:38:32,160
making that transition or was it just

4205
02:38:37,190 --> 02:38:35,439
kind of you just got right back into it

4206
02:38:40,230 --> 02:38:37,200
i guess because i was shaking my head i

4207
02:38:42,309 --> 02:38:40,240
guess i'll answer that question

4208
02:38:45,670 --> 02:38:42,319
when you come out of undergraduate with

4209
02:38:47,750 --> 02:38:45,680
an engineering degree there is

4210
02:38:50,790 --> 02:38:47,760
you've learned a lot you're very capable

4211
02:38:52,870 --> 02:38:50,800
but there is a huge amount of

4212
02:38:56,389 --> 02:38:52,880
information knowledge and experience

4213
02:38:59,270 --> 02:38:56,399
that you haven't even tapped into

4214
02:39:04,790 --> 02:39:02,230
i don't think a a masters or a phd makes

4215
02:39:06,790 --> 02:39:04,800
you overqualified for anything

4216
02:39:09,270 --> 02:39:06,800
i think it just makes you

4217
02:39:11,670 --> 02:39:09,280
maybe more focused

4218
02:39:13,429 --> 02:39:11,680
maybe uh

4219
02:39:15,830 --> 02:39:13,439
smarter at a different level of the

4220
02:39:19,750 --> 02:39:15,840
field that you that you're studying

4221
02:39:24,870 --> 02:39:22,870
a phd people tend to associate with with

4222
02:39:26,950 --> 02:39:24,880
science and research

4223
02:39:29,750 --> 02:39:26,960
some of our best engineers some of our

4224
02:39:31,670 --> 02:39:29,760
best managers some of our best leaders

4225
02:39:33,990 --> 02:39:31,680
in the engineering field are folks that

4226
02:39:35,990 --> 02:39:34,000
you would never know have a phd

4227
02:39:38,469 --> 02:39:36,000
they don't go by doctor all the time

4228
02:39:39,990 --> 02:39:38,479
they don't you know put it on their um

4229
02:39:42,309 --> 02:39:40,000
you know their business card or things

4230
02:39:43,910 --> 02:39:42,319
like that but they've learned a skill

4231
02:39:47,110 --> 02:39:43,920
through the graduate program that

4232
02:39:49,910 --> 02:39:47,120
they're in uh of analytical thinking

4233
02:39:51,750 --> 02:39:49,920
of verifying assumptions and things like

4234
02:39:54,150 --> 02:39:51,760
that and those are our general skills

4235
02:39:55,750 --> 02:39:54,160
that are applicable in a lot of places

4236
02:39:58,150 --> 02:39:55,760
whether you're actually

4237
02:40:00,550 --> 02:39:58,160
furthering along the path of what you

4238
02:40:02,790 --> 02:40:00,560
studied in your phd program or you're

4239
02:40:05,590 --> 02:40:02,800
doing something completely different and

4240
02:40:07,510 --> 02:40:05,600
so no masters and phds do not make you

4241
02:40:09,750 --> 02:40:07,520
overqualified

4242
02:40:12,550 --> 02:40:09,760
in the engineering field there's still a

4243
02:40:17,030 --> 02:40:14,790
is it hard to go back i

4244
02:40:21,190 --> 02:40:17,040
i went back after two years and yes you

4245
02:40:25,030 --> 02:40:21,200
do get accustomed to um

4246
02:40:28,950 --> 02:40:26,950
leaving and putting your pencil down at

4247
02:40:30,550 --> 02:40:28,960
five at the end of the day which when i

4248
02:40:32,309 --> 02:40:30,560
was an undergraduate student you know

4249
02:40:34,550 --> 02:40:32,319
you were pretty much working 20 out of

4250
02:40:36,389 --> 02:40:34,560
24 hours a day

4251
02:40:37,990 --> 02:40:36,399
you know studying over breakfast and

4252
02:40:39,510 --> 02:40:38,000
everything like that

4253
02:40:41,429 --> 02:40:39,520
you don't have to do that in the work

4254
02:40:43,910 --> 02:40:41,439
world you can if but but you don't have

4255
02:40:45,510 --> 02:40:43,920
to um so if you wait more than

4256
02:40:47,190 --> 02:40:45,520
somewhere between two to five years yeah

4257
02:40:50,469 --> 02:40:47,200
it's probably pretty difficult to go

4258
02:40:51,910 --> 02:40:50,479
back it was a transition but it's it's

4259
02:40:55,510 --> 02:40:51,920
doable

4260
02:40:58,230 --> 02:40:55,520
and i found a lot of students um who was

4261
02:41:00,309 --> 02:40:58,240
you know apt here and decided to go back

4262
02:41:02,469 --> 02:41:00,319
to for master degree after they've

4263
02:41:05,590 --> 02:41:02,479
completed bachelor they usually work you

4264
02:41:07,670 --> 02:41:05,600
know for a year or two then they go back

4265
02:41:09,910 --> 02:41:07,680
uh one thing i thought was really useful

4266
02:41:11,990 --> 02:41:09,920
for most of the the students was that

4267
02:41:13,429 --> 02:41:12,000
when they decide to do you know the the

4268
02:41:15,429 --> 02:41:13,439
final project

4269
02:41:17,750 --> 02:41:15,439
if they can pick something is related to

4270
02:41:20,150 --> 02:41:17,760
what they're currently working on

4271
02:41:23,510 --> 02:41:20,160
okay it tends to be you know more

4272
02:41:25,429 --> 02:41:23,520
interesting and seems more motivated um

4273
02:41:27,030 --> 02:41:25,439
so that's you know one thing i think you

4274
02:41:28,070 --> 02:41:27,040
know it's very helpful

4275
02:41:29,750 --> 02:41:28,080
you mentioned about business

4276
02:41:32,230 --> 02:41:29,760
administration degree and i think i'm

4277
02:41:33,910 --> 02:41:32,240
just going to give you a pointer here

4278
02:41:36,150 --> 02:41:33,920
it really depends on you know if you

4279
02:41:38,790 --> 02:41:36,160
feel there's a need

4280
02:41:41,110 --> 02:41:38,800
during your career

4281
02:41:43,349 --> 02:41:41,120
a degree whatever the level is providing

4282
02:41:44,950 --> 02:41:43,359
you a tool and it's really up to you how

4283
02:41:47,990 --> 02:41:44,960
you're going to apply it

4284
02:41:49,110 --> 02:41:48,000
you know at workplace so that's my my

4285
02:41:50,710 --> 02:41:49,120
point

4286
02:41:51,990 --> 02:41:50,720
i think we have time for one more

4287
02:41:53,990 --> 02:41:52,000
question and i think we've already

4288
02:41:55,990 --> 02:41:54,000
identified who gets it but we will be

4289
02:41:58,870 --> 02:41:56,000
around for a little bit afterwards and

4290
02:42:00,710 --> 02:41:58,880
uh we'll be uh having yet one more

4291
02:42:02,550 --> 02:42:00,720
little segment here before we do that um

4292
02:42:04,309 --> 02:42:02,560
hi my name is michelle sestado and i'm

4293
02:42:05,990 --> 02:42:04,319
from mount san antonio college and i'm a

4294
02:42:07,670 --> 02:42:06,000
chemical engineer

4295
02:42:09,990 --> 02:42:07,680
my question is what advice would you

4296
02:42:11,349 --> 02:42:10,000
give to a cure a very curious student

4297
02:42:13,270 --> 02:42:11,359
such as me

4298
02:42:15,510 --> 02:42:13,280
an example is that um

4299
02:42:17,750 --> 02:42:15,520
i'm working in a chemistry lab with

4300
02:42:20,230 --> 02:42:17,760
magnesium oxide aerogels but yet i'm

4301
02:42:22,389 --> 02:42:20,240
also the captain of a

4302
02:42:24,469 --> 02:42:22,399
one of the two robotics team at my

4303
02:42:26,870 --> 02:42:24,479
school and but yet i'm also very

4304
02:42:28,710 --> 02:42:26,880
interested in astrophysics so i'm kind

4305
02:42:30,230 --> 02:42:28,720
of all over the place

4306
02:42:31,990 --> 02:42:30,240
and what advice would you give to a

4307
02:42:34,550 --> 02:42:32,000
student like me who is just everything

4308
02:42:36,230 --> 02:42:34,560
is like appealing and i'm very much into

4309
02:42:39,510 --> 02:42:36,240
science and math so everything interests

4310
02:42:41,190 --> 02:42:39,520
me so yeah one answer who gets to who

4311
02:42:42,870 --> 02:42:41,200
wants to take it i'll take care of that

4312
02:42:46,230 --> 02:42:42,880
it's uh you know because i was

4313
02:42:48,150 --> 02:42:46,240
interested in a a lot of things during

4314
02:42:51,510 --> 02:42:48,160
most of my degree i was interested in

4315
02:42:53,590 --> 02:42:51,520
astrophysics in fact i was going to do

4316
02:42:55,270 --> 02:42:53,600
astrophysics and you know and then i

4317
02:42:57,750 --> 02:42:55,280
found something else i had a real

4318
02:43:00,870 --> 02:42:57,760
passion for that was you know planetary

4319
02:43:03,990 --> 02:43:00,880
geology um and i think the the best way

4320
02:43:07,990 --> 02:43:04,000
is uh uh do a do a masters

4321
02:43:10,389 --> 02:43:08,000
uh or a phd try to find that one area

4322
02:43:12,389 --> 02:43:10,399
that you know really you're passionate

4323
02:43:15,349 --> 02:43:12,399
about and it doesn't mean that at the

4324
02:43:18,150 --> 02:43:15,359
future time you cannot change

4325
02:43:19,510 --> 02:43:18,160
in fact people have made amazing career

4326
02:43:21,510 --> 02:43:19,520
changes

4327
02:43:22,389 --> 02:43:21,520
particularly from a first degree and one

4328
02:43:24,070 --> 02:43:22,399
of our

4329
02:43:26,790 --> 02:43:24,080
very best scientists here who

4330
02:43:30,070 --> 02:43:26,800
unfortunately has passed away he started

4331
02:43:31,190 --> 02:43:30,080
out of a degree in french and art

4332
02:43:39,030 --> 02:43:31,200
and

4333
02:43:40,950 --> 02:43:39,040
kind of led him uh into the science uh

4334
02:43:44,710 --> 02:43:40,960
later on and he did a masters and then a

4335
02:43:46,630 --> 02:43:44,720
phd uh so all i can say is that uh at

4336
02:43:48,870 --> 02:43:46,640
this stage a lot of things

4337
02:43:51,110 --> 02:43:48,880
uh will be appealing and it doesn't mean

4338
02:43:52,550 --> 02:43:51,120
that you know you're only ever going to

4339
02:43:54,389 --> 02:43:52,560
like one thing

4340
02:43:56,150 --> 02:43:54,399
but you know find

4341
02:43:56,950 --> 02:43:56,160
uh something that

4342
02:43:59,030 --> 02:43:56,960
you

4343
02:44:00,550 --> 02:43:59,040
can actually feel that calling or that

4344
02:44:04,070 --> 02:44:00,560
passion for

4345
02:44:06,469 --> 02:44:04,080
and and follow it

4346
02:44:07,990 --> 02:44:06,479
i'd like to thank the panelists and i'd

4347
02:44:18,710 --> 02:44:08,000
like to have you give them a big round

4348
02:44:23,030 --> 02:44:21,110
at this stage a lot of things

4349
02:44:25,269 --> 02:44:23,040
will be appealing and it doesn't mean

4350
02:44:26,710 --> 02:44:25,279
that you know you're only ever going to

4351
02:44:29,030 --> 02:44:26,720
like one thing

4352
02:44:30,309 --> 02:44:29,040
but you know find

4353
02:44:31,110 --> 02:44:30,319
something that

4354
02:44:33,190 --> 02:44:31,120
you

4355
02:44:34,710 --> 02:44:33,200
can actually feel that calling or that

4356
02:44:38,230 --> 02:44:34,720
passion for

4357
02:44:42,150 --> 02:44:40,630
i'd like to thank the panelists and i'd

4358
02:44:46,469 --> 02:44:42,160
like to have you give them a big round

4359
02:44:46,479 --> 02:44:49,830
i think some of them

4360
02:44:52,070 --> 02:44:51,190
some of them will be here for a little

4361
02:44:54,070 --> 02:44:52,080
while

4362
02:44:55,990 --> 02:44:54,080
we can't let this great pipeline of

4363
02:44:57,830 --> 02:44:56,000
talent leave without giving you a little

4364
02:45:00,230 --> 02:44:57,840
pitch about job opportunities and what

4365
02:45:02,150 --> 02:45:00,240
we do here in terms of careers so i'm

4366
02:45:03,750 --> 02:45:02,160
going to invite parven kasai to come up

4367
02:45:05,030 --> 02:45:03,760
she's going to do a little presentation

4368
02:45:07,110 --> 02:45:05,040
on our

4369
02:45:09,269 --> 02:45:07,120
education office and i'll sort of end

4370
02:45:11,670 --> 02:45:09,279
with the pitch for the employment

4371
02:45:14,870 --> 02:45:11,680
opportunities at jpl

4372
02:45:17,510 --> 02:45:14,880
thank you

4373
02:45:19,190 --> 02:45:17,520
good morning or good afternoon rather

4374
02:45:20,950 --> 02:45:19,200
the conversation we just had the

4375
02:45:24,150 --> 02:45:20,960
questions that you asked are a great

4376
02:45:27,349 --> 02:45:24,160
segue to this next next section uh we

4377
02:45:30,790 --> 02:45:27,359
just would like to take a few minutes to

4378
02:45:33,750 --> 02:45:30,800
extend an invitation to all of you to

4379
02:45:37,110 --> 02:45:33,760
the the students uh in our audience and

4380
02:45:39,190 --> 02:45:37,120
the young researchers um to join jpl and

4381
02:45:42,150 --> 02:45:39,200
nasa through some of our internship and

4382
02:45:44,230 --> 02:45:42,160
fellowship opportunities

4383
02:45:46,790 --> 02:45:44,240
you just heard many wonderful

4384
02:45:49,030 --> 02:45:46,800
inspirational stories of careers and all

4385
02:45:52,230 --> 02:45:49,040
the ups and downs and and challenges and

4386
02:45:54,950 --> 02:45:52,240
successes and you also heard that

4387
02:45:57,429 --> 02:45:54,960
you know it wasn't always easy to to get

4388
02:46:00,710 --> 02:45:57,439
where these accomplished scientists and

4389
02:46:03,110 --> 02:46:00,720
and engineers are um you heard dr olaji

4390
02:46:04,469 --> 02:46:03,120
talk about this morning talk about the

4391
02:46:06,550 --> 02:46:04,479
um

4392
02:46:08,150 --> 02:46:06,560
group of women who were here at jpl next

4393
02:46:12,950 --> 02:46:08,160
slide please

4394
02:46:15,670 --> 02:46:12,960
who were here um in 1940s and 50s

4395
02:46:17,510 --> 02:46:15,680
these were women with some college

4396
02:46:19,510 --> 02:46:17,520
education for that time they had at

4397
02:46:22,389 --> 02:46:19,520
least two years of mathematics behind

4398
02:46:25,910 --> 02:46:22,399
them and they were trained to work on

4399
02:46:28,389 --> 02:46:25,920
jpl's ibm machines they were doing um

4400
02:46:31,349 --> 02:46:28,399
theoretical calculations and they were

4401
02:46:33,590 --> 02:46:31,359
doing experimental data reductions and

4402
02:46:35,510 --> 02:46:33,600
uh for for that time and given that they

4403
02:46:37,590 --> 02:46:35,520
were women they were quite advanced but

4404
02:46:39,190 --> 02:46:37,600
as dr loggie said they were doing very

4405
02:46:41,349 --> 02:46:39,200
narrow technical

4406
02:46:43,110 --> 02:46:41,359
work here at jpl

4407
02:46:45,269 --> 02:46:43,120
so

4408
02:46:47,750 --> 02:46:45,279
this morning demonstrated that women

4409
02:46:49,910 --> 02:46:47,760
have come a long ways in what we call

4410
02:46:52,870 --> 02:46:49,920
stem fields science technology

4411
02:46:55,510 --> 02:46:52,880
engineering and mathematics

4412
02:46:58,230 --> 02:46:55,520
but if you look at the entire nation and

4413
02:47:01,429 --> 02:46:58,240
you'll see that the great

4414
02:47:03,830 --> 02:47:01,439
gains are not really still on par with

4415
02:47:05,510 --> 02:47:03,840
what needs to be achieved next slide

4416
02:47:07,910 --> 02:47:05,520
please

4417
02:47:10,230 --> 02:47:07,920
um this is data from

4418
02:47:12,710 --> 02:47:10,240
national science foundation and this was

4419
02:47:14,710 --> 02:47:12,720
referred to earlier again this morning

4420
02:47:16,950 --> 02:47:14,720
if you look at the number of women if

4421
02:47:19,030 --> 02:47:16,960
you add up all the little slivers there

4422
02:47:20,630 --> 02:47:19,040
and add up the number of women it adds

4423
02:47:23,750 --> 02:47:20,640
up to about 26

4424
02:47:27,510 --> 02:47:23,760
of of the stem workforce in this country

4425
02:47:29,349 --> 02:47:27,520
as opposed to 74 for um for our male

4426
02:47:31,830 --> 02:47:29,359
counterparts

4427
02:47:35,510 --> 02:47:31,840
and if you look at the ethnic breakdown

4428
02:47:37,750 --> 02:47:35,520
you'll see that it is even um

4429
02:47:42,070 --> 02:47:37,760
that the challenge there is even greater

4430
02:47:45,030 --> 02:47:42,080
to to overcome for some um ethnic groups

4431
02:47:48,469 --> 02:47:45,040
so um

4432
02:47:50,550 --> 02:47:48,479
there is a lot to be to be done uh and

4433
02:47:53,190 --> 02:47:50,560
you know we are happy to say that at jpl

4434
02:47:56,150 --> 02:47:53,200
we are taking steps to to remedy this

4435
02:48:01,590 --> 02:47:58,230
we have a number of internships and

4436
02:48:04,389 --> 02:48:01,600
fellowship programs at jpl along with hr

4437
02:48:07,429 --> 02:48:04,399
and with the office of chief scientist

4438
02:48:10,790 --> 02:48:07,439
the education office here at jpl we all

4439
02:48:13,269 --> 02:48:10,800
bring over about of hundreds of students

4440
02:48:14,790 --> 02:48:13,279
well over 500 students

4441
02:48:16,950 --> 02:48:14,800
every year

4442
02:48:19,030 --> 02:48:16,960
and if you other if you add other

4443
02:48:23,750 --> 02:48:19,040
participants in our internship and

4444
02:48:26,550 --> 02:48:23,760
fellowship programs um we have over 700

4445
02:48:28,309 --> 02:48:26,560
people every year that come to jpl for

4446
02:48:31,269 --> 02:48:28,319
opportunities to do research and

4447
02:48:32,710 --> 02:48:31,279
development work

4448
02:48:34,469 --> 02:48:32,720
at jpl

4449
02:48:37,269 --> 02:48:34,479
we have now

4450
02:48:39,429 --> 02:48:37,279
i'm happy to report that in in 2011 our

4451
02:48:41,349 --> 02:48:39,439
numbers show that we have 40 women

4452
02:48:43,830 --> 02:48:41,359
participating in our internship program

4453
02:48:45,830 --> 02:48:43,840
so we are well above the national

4454
02:48:48,309 --> 02:48:45,840
average but we're not there yet and

4455
02:48:51,110 --> 02:48:48,319
that's why this pitch to you

4456
02:48:53,750 --> 02:48:51,120
we would love to have you join us

4457
02:48:55,349 --> 02:48:53,760
um even if right now you're undecided

4458
02:48:57,990 --> 02:48:55,359
about your careers even if you're

4459
02:48:59,830 --> 02:48:58,000
undecided about your majors but you do

4460
02:49:01,990 --> 02:48:59,840
have the passion

4461
02:49:04,070 --> 02:49:02,000
and the vision and the at least some

4462
02:49:06,070 --> 02:49:04,080
sort of skills that you can be

4463
02:49:08,550 --> 02:49:06,080
comfortable with to start we would love

4464
02:49:13,830 --> 02:49:08,560
to give you the opportunity to explore

4465
02:49:16,230 --> 02:49:13,840
working for jpl and working for nasa

4466
02:49:17,910 --> 02:49:16,240
next slide

4467
02:49:19,910 --> 02:49:17,920
the same thing for our postdoctoral

4468
02:49:21,429 --> 02:49:19,920
programs if you are graduating if you

4469
02:49:24,070 --> 02:49:21,439
are thinking of doing a post doctoral

4470
02:49:26,150 --> 02:49:24,080
program jpl offers several postdoctoral

4471
02:49:29,110 --> 02:49:26,160
programs and our numbers there as you

4472
02:49:31,830 --> 02:49:29,120
see 25 a quarter at least good quarter

4473
02:49:32,710 --> 02:49:31,840
of our postdoctoral offerings are for

4474
02:49:35,750 --> 02:49:32,720
women

4475
02:49:37,429 --> 02:49:35,760
um and again this is if not uh if not

4476
02:49:38,950 --> 02:49:37,439
better than the national average it is

4477
02:49:41,030 --> 02:49:38,960
at least on par with the national

4478
02:49:43,670 --> 02:49:41,040
average for post-doctoral for

4479
02:49:46,230 --> 02:49:43,680
post-doctorals in stem fields

4480
02:49:48,870 --> 02:49:46,240
um so we encourage you to think about

4481
02:49:51,590 --> 02:49:48,880
the opportunity again as as you are

4482
02:49:55,349 --> 02:49:51,600
moving towards graduation and to help

4483
02:49:57,349 --> 02:49:55,359
you do that um the next slide please

4484
02:50:01,429 --> 02:49:57,359
we have we're inviting you see how cool

4485
02:50:08,550 --> 02:50:02,230
we

4486
02:50:12,150 --> 02:50:08,560
that gazette will will share with you

4487
02:50:14,150 --> 02:50:12,160
next um the first one on top is the jpl

4488
02:50:17,429 --> 02:50:14,160
education gateway and there there is an

4489
02:50:20,070 --> 02:50:17,439
icon um oh no wait a second no the first

4490
02:50:22,870 --> 02:50:20,080
one is the postdoc excuse me so so on

4491
02:50:23,670 --> 02:50:22,880
that website you will see

4492
02:50:25,349 --> 02:50:23,680
the

4493
02:50:27,590 --> 02:50:25,359
number of postdoctoral programs with

4494
02:50:30,230 --> 02:50:27,600
information and

4495
02:50:34,550 --> 02:50:30,240
requirements for participating in each

4496
02:50:35,750 --> 02:50:34,560
jpl truly values its postdoctoral

4497
02:50:38,070 --> 02:50:35,760
fellows

4498
02:50:41,349 --> 02:50:38,080
it's a very supportive environment and

4499
02:50:43,590 --> 02:50:41,359
um they are a great part of the research

4500
02:50:45,429 --> 02:50:43,600
community here at jpl

4501
02:50:46,870 --> 02:50:45,439
that's the that's the

4502
02:50:48,950 --> 02:50:46,880
website that will give you further

4503
02:50:51,269 --> 02:50:48,960
information and below that is the

4504
02:50:53,510 --> 02:50:51,279
education gateway

4505
02:50:55,750 --> 02:50:53,520
on that website if you click on

4506
02:50:59,030 --> 02:50:55,760
internships and fellowships a menu of

4507
02:51:01,750 --> 02:50:59,040
programs opens up and you will see that

4508
02:51:03,590 --> 02:51:01,760
we still have many opportunities open

4509
02:51:05,750 --> 02:51:03,600
for participation i talked to some of

4510
02:51:07,670 --> 02:51:05,760
you during the break i encourage you to

4511
02:51:09,510 --> 02:51:07,680
look i'd like to extend that offer to

4512
02:51:11,510 --> 02:51:09,520
the rest of you

4513
02:51:13,590 --> 02:51:11,520
there are many many opportunities open

4514
02:51:15,349 --> 02:51:13,600
still for summer and we also have

4515
02:51:17,750 --> 02:51:15,359
year-round programs for those of you who

4516
02:51:19,269 --> 02:51:17,760
may be going to school and doing you

4517
02:51:21,910 --> 02:51:19,279
know going to school part-time and

4518
02:51:23,830 --> 02:51:21,920
looking for opportunities to learn about

4519
02:51:26,550 --> 02:51:23,840
a professional environment and explore a

4520
02:51:27,910 --> 02:51:26,560
career if you are within 50 miles radius

4521
02:51:30,389 --> 02:51:27,920
of jpl

4522
02:51:31,269 --> 02:51:30,399
we have year-round programs that we

4523
02:51:32,469 --> 02:51:31,279
would

4524
02:51:35,510 --> 02:51:32,479
again you know like to see you

4525
02:51:40,790 --> 02:51:37,030
and then we also obviously have summer

4526
02:51:44,710 --> 02:51:40,800
programs these are all paid internships

4527
02:51:47,349 --> 02:51:44,720
so i see a few smiles

4528
02:51:50,150 --> 02:51:47,359
these are paid internships and again you

4529
02:51:52,309 --> 02:51:50,160
get to do real work here you get to do

4530
02:51:54,550 --> 02:51:52,319
real research it's not go for job you're

4531
02:51:56,630 --> 02:51:54,560
not running errands for or making coffee

4532
02:51:58,630 --> 02:51:56,640
you may be doing those things but you do

4533
02:52:03,670 --> 02:51:58,640
it in a way that a professional

4534
02:52:08,070 --> 02:52:06,230
we all do that yeah we all do that but

4535
02:52:09,590 --> 02:52:08,080
but when you're an intern that's you

4536
02:52:12,790 --> 02:52:09,600
know that's not a good sign you think

4537
02:52:15,190 --> 02:52:12,800
i'm being given a go for work but

4538
02:52:16,870 --> 02:52:15,200
my point here is that these are real

4539
02:52:18,790 --> 02:52:16,880
meaningful opportunities for

4540
02:52:20,469 --> 02:52:18,800
participation and jpl has a very

4541
02:52:22,710 --> 02:52:20,479
supportive environment for interns we

4542
02:52:24,870 --> 02:52:22,720
have a great infrastructure

4543
02:52:26,710 --> 02:52:24,880
that allows students no matter which

4544
02:52:28,550 --> 02:52:26,720
program they come through to work

4545
02:52:30,950 --> 02:52:28,560
together and to work with with the

4546
02:52:33,510 --> 02:52:30,960
entire community

4547
02:52:36,070 --> 02:52:33,520
um i'll be here after the program my

4548
02:52:37,429 --> 02:52:36,080
colleagues also will be here i think i

4549
02:52:39,110 --> 02:52:37,439
see some of them in the audience and

4550
02:52:41,190 --> 02:52:39,120
we'll be happy to answer any questions

4551
02:52:43,590 --> 02:52:41,200
that you have but please take those down

4552
02:52:44,950 --> 02:52:43,600
and visit us

4553
02:52:46,710 --> 02:52:44,960
and then the final slide if you'll put

4554
02:52:47,830 --> 02:52:46,720
that one up

4555
02:52:49,429 --> 02:52:47,840
um so

4556
02:52:51,910 --> 02:52:49,439
parven talked about every summer we have

4557
02:52:55,269 --> 02:52:51,920
about 500 students here at all different

4558
02:52:57,830 --> 02:52:55,279
levels we also recruit on a uh

4559
02:52:59,670 --> 02:52:57,840
at the colleges and universities for and

4560
02:53:01,590 --> 02:52:59,680
and much of the

4561
02:53:04,389 --> 02:53:01,600
funding for parvin's programs come out

4562
02:53:07,670 --> 02:53:04,399
of the nasa programs ours come out of

4563
02:53:09,910 --> 02:53:07,680
jpl as well and um through those

4564
02:53:11,670 --> 02:53:09,920
combined programs is where we bring in

4565
02:53:14,150 --> 02:53:11,680
you know all the students we hire

4566
02:53:15,830 --> 02:53:14,160
undergraduate graduate and post uh

4567
02:53:18,150 --> 02:53:15,840
doctoral students

4568
02:53:20,309 --> 02:53:18,160
our workforce at jpl we talk about being

4569
02:53:22,469 --> 02:53:20,319
a third or third a third a third phd is

4570
02:53:25,190 --> 02:53:22,479
a third masters and a third

4571
02:53:27,349 --> 02:53:25,200
undergrad so we kind of recruit the full

4572
02:53:30,150 --> 02:53:27,359
gamut you can see the kind of

4573
02:53:33,590 --> 02:53:30,160
opportunities uh that we look for

4574
02:53:37,030 --> 02:53:33,600
and um we've been historically very

4575
02:53:41,110 --> 02:53:37,040
committed um we will hire about a little

4576
02:53:42,790 --> 02:53:41,120
less than 150 between 125 and 140

4577
02:53:45,110 --> 02:53:42,800
students per year

4578
02:53:46,550 --> 02:53:45,120
graduating students a year

4579
02:53:49,110 --> 02:53:46,560
so we

4580
02:53:51,429 --> 02:53:49,120
have five generations of people working

4581
02:53:54,389 --> 02:53:51,439
in the workplace here at jpl and we're

4582
02:53:56,070 --> 02:53:54,399
quite proud of it we are very

4583
02:53:58,150 --> 02:53:56,080
respectful of the people who started the

4584
02:54:00,469 --> 02:53:58,160
space program and were very respectful

4585
02:54:02,630 --> 02:54:00,479
of the people who come out with fresh

4586
02:54:04,630 --> 02:54:02,640
ideas on how to do things so we'd

4587
02:54:06,150 --> 02:54:04,640
welcome you and again we're here and

4588
02:54:14,790 --> 02:54:06,160
thank you for coming it's great to see

4589
02:54:19,429 --> 02:54:17,349
so we have come to the end of our

4590
02:54:22,790 --> 02:54:19,439
journey this morning

4591
02:54:24,389 --> 02:54:22,800
let me take a moment now to acknowledge

4592
02:54:27,429 --> 02:54:24,399
all the schools

4593
02:54:30,070 --> 02:54:27,439
that have sent representatives here

4594
02:54:33,670 --> 02:54:30,080
we are really really grateful to you we

4595
02:54:36,070 --> 02:54:33,680
have seen your excitement we are just as

4596
02:54:39,830 --> 02:54:36,080
excited as you are

4597
02:54:42,469 --> 02:54:39,840
um to to see uh you know to see you

4598
02:54:45,349 --> 02:54:42,479
be part of our family today

4599
02:54:49,349 --> 02:54:45,359
and it was a great pleasure

4600
02:54:50,550 --> 02:54:49,359
i think a lot has been said about

4601
02:54:53,910 --> 02:54:50,560
careers

4602
02:54:56,710 --> 02:54:53,920
about our desire to see you join our

4603
02:54:59,190 --> 02:54:56,720
family i think i just want to quickly

4604
02:55:00,950 --> 02:54:59,200
conclude with a

4605
02:55:04,150 --> 02:55:00,960
movie line